tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6617099967413167482024-03-13T03:04:27.364-07:00Celebrating the Grand Canyonjeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.comBlogger432125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-34552836372841472432024-02-22T11:55:00.005-07:002024-02-22T11:57:18.436-07:00Exploring how the Grand Canyon ends<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">draft - EXPLORING HOW THE GRAND CANYON ENDS - draft</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">From the Westernmost High Point, the view sweeps down and out, over the Sanup Plateau, reaching its farther edge some seven miles west where it drops 3500' in 1 1/2 - 2 miles to the water surface (of the reservoir or river, depending). That drop is a geological lesson, as shown in this piece of the 1982 edition of the stupendous, irreplaceable map done in the 1970's by Peter Huntoon and George Billingsley. (For orientation, keep track of that triangular flat in the middle at the top.)</span></p><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVueVdHgEqAg7F5vqWIc16mZK-R6NjiZaBe1KwGD740T7soT3huXgsjX3Su8tBtZcWp3aGHUtZSXNWTKxOJBSrmhGuD3rse3IEa-__MpR0kjKGbLM-C0XFkWWW1Ufnt32HNqV_8F3xXT4yGpbZTjWLP4gyylPuVCLg_UcEnWK756LeQff-Rp5ko-fHJ_0/s1179/05%20%20west%20end%20jumble%20overall.jpg"><img border="0" data-original-height="1021" data-original-width="1179" height="556" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVueVdHgEqAg7F5vqWIc16mZK-R6NjiZaBe1KwGD740T7soT3huXgsjX3Su8tBtZcWp3aGHUtZSXNWTKxOJBSrmhGuD3rse3IEa-__MpR0kjKGbLM-C0XFkWWW1Ufnt32HNqV_8F3xXT4yGpbZTjWLP4gyylPuVCLg_UcEnWK756LeQff-Rp5ko-fHJ_0/w640-h556/05%20%20west%20end%20jumble%20overall.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div><span><a name='more'></a></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>From high up, the googleview emphasizes the drainages running from the Sanup (that triangle) to the river:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirlxV8Paj0hQTu9kYXhUZ_RICvovWBKUEq6qXpiQxw_srkD2ym-oIa4bzvCU4IdMK_rBdFPP9yxiBpOuzYwSjZXRGjHPuXLfCVO8vJYzfMCxj550PwH6I60_hIAeqPZ7O0EQLmmJuRTvnSRTxVb2rKWNOfr6MkQHo7AIbE1b3_6oXdN0JtIaZpGekovNI/s1425/03%20%20west%20end%20jumble%20goog%20for%20line.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="926" data-original-width="1425" height="416" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirlxV8Paj0hQTu9kYXhUZ_RICvovWBKUEq6qXpiQxw_srkD2ym-oIa4bzvCU4IdMK_rBdFPP9yxiBpOuzYwSjZXRGjHPuXLfCVO8vJYzfMCxj550PwH6I60_hIAeqPZ7O0EQLmmJuRTvnSRTxVb2rKWNOfr6MkQHo7AIbE1b3_6oXdN0JtIaZpGekovNI/w640-h416/03%20%20west%20end%20jumble%20goog%20for%20line.png" width="640" /></a></div>The geology in color, from the WHP (sitting in the aqua of the Hermit shale) on the right across the light blue Sanup down to the river, and over it onto the light green rocks whose youth at this end constrains the Canyon's age, showing it as a young feature:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPdi7W2pW72fO1c7TIJQ68NEVDr4jjSQV8uZFB5ZYc4qYwt_HyqwRTDSWbLUf7hyERSushxWOwEyLgWOkThf3nMa5ohX2fi-BV8tCw6zHzjyrNi92Tg055lgf6y3QAcGzZ2CKH1sl554yMv7L8KXgId6AgPzNEKtw_M4_eBc-wVvN0MYkbYIdvDJxrzUk/s2880/geo%20map%20north%20side.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="2880" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPdi7W2pW72fO1c7TIJQ68NEVDr4jjSQV8uZFB5ZYc4qYwt_HyqwRTDSWbLUf7hyERSushxWOwEyLgWOkThf3nMa5ohX2fi-BV8tCw6zHzjyrNi92Tg055lgf6y3QAcGzZ2CKH1sl554yMv7L8KXgId6AgPzNEKtw_M4_eBc-wVvN0MYkbYIdvDJxrzUk/w640-h400/geo%20map%20north%20side.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Then the USGS quad titled Snap Canyon West:</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1s2D-rSCiqJ7Aw3rintsuTEvOTmmQa249UL5-DfoM5csPc2M50CcPiQOqeqyVLIcAWQidh6B0N3T6yMrsk258WXEafT-2-nfPyH0f_YKi5ZvM9X9qw_1JS9M9sT-jms6fU7pEZ4z7w9jLWmh1SVtJZ65cGttLrhH4zvEkZW_qdSfp9Evk38B-qCJqk6k/s1111/west%20routes.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="815" data-original-width="1111" height="470" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1s2D-rSCiqJ7Aw3rintsuTEvOTmmQa249UL5-DfoM5csPc2M50CcPiQOqeqyVLIcAWQidh6B0N3T6yMrsk258WXEafT-2-nfPyH0f_YKi5ZvM9X9qw_1JS9M9sT-jms6fU7pEZ4z7w9jLWmh1SVtJZ65cGttLrhH4zvEkZW_qdSfp9Evk38B-qCJqk6k/w640-h470/west%20routes.png" width="640" /></a></div>The pencilled-in lines are along ridges delineating the last two side drainages into the Colorado before we reach the buttes of the west exit (at 3). Beyond the northern line the drainage is into Pearce Canyon, and much of that surface is the Muddy Creek Formation (Billingsley/Huntoon) or "Rocks of the Grand Wash Trough, paleozoic-clast conglomerate", green on the color map above. The layers southeast of the green are Grand Canyon, especially the limestones below the Supai and prominent in the west: Redwall, Temple Butte, Muav, and down to some Bright Angel, with landsliding, travertine, and silt & gravel from reservoir action. My point being that this west ending is the Grand Canyon geology saying goodbye.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: left;">Back up, then, to an overall orientation: The Westernmost High Point is on the extreme right (that dragon head). Go west from its nose across the Sanup in a shallow curve to the edge, --note that triangle--, down to the river and around the bend from north-going to west, where the darker west exit buttes sit -- Paiute on the north, Hualapai on the south.</span></div></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsQB8jtEOWsWowMiK5oFjWmsymxwhQzZ7g0pexh0_jHJvLmHKIE5dwCdEiv7eTUVx2IrMnaKIz1LJ6yYtRp23mZaF9xbjJ86U5nxBhLbHgDWR9wcwQqbTZO-pzEJA52lcBEqO3P2ZtrIxbIsAM-ti8RDSySpy7ONfXH27MWfLjsLCMWU-mHkUHzA_kJ6Y/s1759/01%20%20WHP%20and%20Snap%20to%20grapevine.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="1759" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsQB8jtEOWsWowMiK5oFjWmsymxwhQzZ7g0pexh0_jHJvLmHKIE5dwCdEiv7eTUVx2IrMnaKIz1LJ6yYtRp23mZaF9xbjJ86U5nxBhLbHgDWR9wcwQqbTZO-pzEJA52lcBEqO3P2ZtrIxbIsAM-ti8RDSySpy7ONfXH27MWfLjsLCMWU-mHkUHzA_kJ6Y/w640-h298/01%20%20WHP%20and%20Snap%20to%20grapevine.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Pearce Canyon runs across the top third; to its east, the curving cliff of Snap Point, the current anchor of Grand Canyon National Park. </span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">And this is where we, determined to enlarge the Park as much as we could to match the Canyon itself, confused matters, for the Park contains land that is not in the Canyon's defining drainage -- Pearce and Snap for instance drain due west into Lake Mead. And south across the river that sharp ridge in the map above paralleling the river marks the Grand Wash Cliff line that is the Canyon's western boundary. However, we were not careful, and so took into the Park flatter land to the west that drains away from the Canyon itself.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">So much for history...here is a little fillip for the tour's end: Go back up to the top map (Billingsley-Huntoon) for an oddity: right in its center is a feature that should be on any west end tour-trek: the Grand Pipe. (Yes, sadly it drains into Pearce.) A breccia pipe collapsed top, you can find it in maps below. On the colored geology, it shows as Hermit shale, though</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">it is actually lower by 100'-200' than the surrounding Supai formation of the Sanup. And a short walk west to the Sanup rim and a view down over the jumbled washes tumbling to the river; the topo map showing the three routes down along dividing ridges.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Enjoy your walk!</span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-47035386125846809252023-12-07T12:24:00.066-07:002024-01-06T19:41:05.676-07:00Grand Canyon's West Exit Landmarks<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">draft--LANDMARKS FOR THE WEST EXIT OF THE GRAND CANYON--draft</p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There is general agreement to use River Mile 277 as the length of the Grand Canyon. The actual location for RM 277 has changed, and it is appropriate to determine landmarks near the Colorado River that make it easy, topographically and geologically, to recognize an end point, the exit from the Grand Canyon. </p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">(Note: The boundary of Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP) in this western end includes lands that are not in the Canyon’s drainage, but flow further west into Lake Mead.) </p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Fortunately, such landmarks do exist, and can be tied into the landforms that delineate the divides on the north and south sides of the river for the final drainages into the Canyon.</p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Lets start with an overall view of the west end, from the Canyon's Westernmost High Point (WHP in red on the right) on the Shivwits Plateau over to RM 277. Pearce Canyon, P, some of it in the Park, sort of parallels the Park boundary. However, it is west-flowing, not south into the Grand Canyon drainage. The red S locates Snap Point, at present the marker for the Park boundary, but again it is not within the Canyon’s drainage. The broad flat from WHP running toward the end at 277 is the Sanup Plateau.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOOX9tVBmf2G12JKwH0j6gcxiA3ANRv2vTP7ZqkIgxLbu4RwjwkCp6wF6Tp7aaaE2RJfpk1S96AP657cHVQ7Fgr8ah_bA7j7rOjGb-8Qm8v2DoGymPSHACLmm28r0cm6Y6npWmAIMoxqYkjyEe8Y_zFEWtL7LMoox4phglaiiN_sUzRGsp6wGGajjAC1w/s1759/WHP%20and%20Snap%20to%20grapevine.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="1759" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOOX9tVBmf2G12JKwH0j6gcxiA3ANRv2vTP7ZqkIgxLbu4RwjwkCp6wF6Tp7aaaE2RJfpk1S96AP657cHVQ7Fgr8ah_bA7j7rOjGb-8Qm8v2DoGymPSHACLmm28r0cm6Y6npWmAIMoxqYkjyEe8Y_zFEWtL7LMoox4phglaiiN_sUzRGsp6wGGajjAC1w/w640-h298/WHP%20and%20Snap%20to%20grapevine.png" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">On the River's south side, running south from the red 277, is the ridge that divides the Canyon’s last side canyon from the land that drains west into Lake Mead.</p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Across the river, to the north and east, is a jumble of small drainages dropping ~3500' from the Sanup Plateau and included within the Canyon as far around as the bend marked by 277. More about this jumble in another post.</p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The US Geological Survey National Map gives another view of this west end. The boundary lines double up because of the line for Grand Canyon - Parashant National Monument.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrmqWN1S7zglNehTh1nuw7h3pNoCeU9uZXmv9AO9shNs3zB2CRDNAoPT2AGe5aREOwmwZAdZ-cMIgJB1ggBsuOiMrYCkCjLcTqUeeLNcKReJkM3un0alxUMXmiWxtBpjzFjhH0P5GtQiNyY_iiSvI8KWyRW_Bca5fBZ9-PFrDhDWX1XzJsagEXPOGYZs/s1105/west%20end%20of%20GCNP.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="1105" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifrmqWN1S7zglNehTh1nuw7h3pNoCeU9uZXmv9AO9shNs3zB2CRDNAoPT2AGe5aREOwmwZAdZ-cMIgJB1ggBsuOiMrYCkCjLcTqUeeLNcKReJkM3un0alxUMXmiWxtBpjzFjhH0P5GtQiNyY_iiSvI8KWyRW_Bca5fBZ9-PFrDhDWX1XzJsagEXPOGYZs/w640-h414/west%20end%20of%20GCNP.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px; text-align: left;"> Starting at the map's lower edge right, the Park boundary runs northwest along the south bank of the Colorado, then goes south along the Hualapai Reservation boundary and then comes back around up north again (thus making the “turkey wattle”) to wiggle along the shore to 277, where it crosses to the north side, turns east, and then notheast to Snap Point. What this makes clear is that the western Park boundary takes into the Park extraneous land that drains into Lake Mead. Fortunately, in determining landmarks for the Grand Canyon’s west exit, these extra lands do not confuse the matter.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwTCDaxSOUpDtydWDRi-mGSaenYBzf7BCVnmWcCCQR_xyveVdrGFbr1zwwnYRV9kYPQxk9-kgZbApErO1QANHNOWkLEe3ma3N2NZnJ5ZehA2o2RMe_d2ipMtt3I4j-lByjk0N6FOzYUrdyxzP37jtAm1VZCYtcGA8HIcrErpxDhLvsBeWwRI0P6OI7-nU/s888/west%20end%20of%20GCNP%20up%20close.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="705" data-original-width="888" height="508" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwTCDaxSOUpDtydWDRi-mGSaenYBzf7BCVnmWcCCQR_xyveVdrGFbr1zwwnYRV9kYPQxk9-kgZbApErO1QANHNOWkLEe3ma3N2NZnJ5ZehA2o2RMe_d2ipMtt3I4j-lByjk0N6FOzYUrdyxzP37jtAm1VZCYtcGA8HIcrErpxDhLvsBeWwRI0P6OI7-nU/w640-h508/west%20end%20of%20GCNP%20up%20close.png" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;">And here’s a close-up of that map at the RM 277 location showing how the boundaries for the two National Park Service (NPS)-administered places juxtapose. The Park crosses here, one supposes, because in 1974 when NPS drew the official map for the Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act, 277 was at that location. The re-setting of river mileage moved 277 upstream a bit, around the bend -- a reminder that RM 277 is a human marker, not a physical one. </p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Next is a better representation of the physical, using the googlemap, where the river turns and goes west in the RM 277 vicinity. Just north and south of the word "Colorado", there are two buttes, marked by red dots or blobs. The buttes are natural, of course, but are conveniently located where the current GCNP boundary crosses the river. They are thus near-perfectly placed to be the topographic markers for the river’s west exit from the Grand Canyon.</p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This view shows them in geographic context with their rounded tops and ledged sides dropping more abruptly on the west:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRq7eUvXF9QtbIiE6rC9riY5L0TxeTrP4VCwgWuXvx8gSzKBF-qBQQedY_Z3KMLL8L7-BINoGOBK9rlEwMxF2U19QNiyTDFAahSvJ741obs4AgV4mEm22s-bZMGhUD890mQnKTzs9yeOPF094WhYmvOOgR5OHjQ1Cf_U-ca3cwGOLZqIeIIPNVVgTkZqw/s1280/west%20exit%20buttes%20upl%20cose.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="901" data-original-width="1280" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRq7eUvXF9QtbIiE6rC9riY5L0TxeTrP4VCwgWuXvx8gSzKBF-qBQQedY_Z3KMLL8L7-BINoGOBK9rlEwMxF2U19QNiyTDFAahSvJ741obs4AgV4mEm22s-bZMGhUD890mQnKTzs9yeOPF094WhYmvOOgR5OHjQ1Cf_U-ca3cwGOLZqIeIIPNVVgTkZqw/w640-h452/west%20exit%20buttes%20upl%20cose.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">For fun, we turn the map 90 degrees left, trim and magnify it: </span><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">The north butte</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">is on the left: -- </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">Paiute Waves So Long, maybe? </span></div><div><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">The south butte, the end of the southern Grand Canyon boundary ridge, is on the right: -- Hualapai Wishes You Well, could be appropriate.</span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJcP6bC-GnzR8ESm2xnNWjbECGvVelh-8tUQEHSdzJVXzdiOtmwGX0kumyXZLNsLFKjYkkdzOysumS0r6OPJMwb9wMLECNTfldj7AosGeEB9hhO_RhH9o7YKZICwUSgquMtEFI18jp48iWvahyphhxWl7poSQWmpuh7G6EcHW4mA5FnFjNoZAwFwkEALQ/s2612/west%20exit%20buttes%20magnified.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1212" data-original-width="2612" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJcP6bC-GnzR8ESm2xnNWjbECGvVelh-8tUQEHSdzJVXzdiOtmwGX0kumyXZLNsLFKjYkkdzOysumS0r6OPJMwb9wMLECNTfldj7AosGeEB9hhO_RhH9o7YKZICwUSgquMtEFI18jp48iWvahyphhxWl7poSQWmpuh7G6EcHW4mA5FnFjNoZAwFwkEALQ/w640-h296/west%20exit%20buttes%20magnified.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">More relevant from the river runner's perspective is the next view, taken from a boat passing through the curve of the final stretch of the Canyon (and Park), with the northern, Paiute, butte ahead as the exit marker. (Photograph thanks to Tom Martin, River Runners for Wilderness; from a December 2023 trip. The southern butte at the end of the boundary ridge above Cave Canyon was not photographable.)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKrAPJL8lhJldmIdbWfXJxslpuYGFdybfGuuYvNXgong1dEBPM_dq1AEYpHZg_zaXpfC2SOiZL12KXhfVDkpasLCIxs7hv7dceByrXE5uGonVtZfyafdKxdjdGzCqFuLm-cfLGZXgp5ldcywl49-L1l9crP78zQNLnky90zrnNnDuRW9Ih_omi25dPJCU/s3908/Exist%20butte%20%20photo%20she_waves_goodbye.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2052" data-original-width="3908" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKrAPJL8lhJldmIdbWfXJxslpuYGFdybfGuuYvNXgong1dEBPM_dq1AEYpHZg_zaXpfC2SOiZL12KXhfVDkpasLCIxs7hv7dceByrXE5uGonVtZfyafdKxdjdGzCqFuLm-cfLGZXgp5ldcywl49-L1l9crP78zQNLnky90zrnNnDuRW9Ih_omi25dPJCU/w640-h428/Exist%20butte%20%20photo%20she_waves_goodbye.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><p style="font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 12px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">Conveniently, as the Canyon’s geology map shows,(courtesy of </span><a href="https://rclark.github.io/grand-canyon-geology/#12.58/36.12051/-113.91967" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">https://rclark.github.io/grand-canyon-geology/#12.58/36.12051/-113.91967</a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">), these buttes, looking across the river</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;">at each other</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 18px;"> right at the word "Colorado", are composed of representative Grand Canyon stones, Muav Limestone above Bright Angel Shale. (This map shows west over to Grapevine Wash, the boat ramp.)</span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgluixbbWoxCuwH0RfzK-3qxoNPyWurZGJcay4H6RJIgxRV7vXLlF2uXvLF8xsKpKPKfPw_yCdZ9pMzAp1kHFvHHTpBA-f8PtTrkCMlnEv7IbsvSXXf-evjPZ4gc5k-4_RWr-Rh3ZegUjBliW6sAYn3nAfIMDA3Bi4b-ZA0HI7r6oIHUVwQVR8NrAQIyEo/s1920/geology%20of%20west%20exits.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1920" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgluixbbWoxCuwH0RfzK-3qxoNPyWurZGJcay4H6RJIgxRV7vXLlF2uXvLF8xsKpKPKfPw_yCdZ9pMzAp1kHFvHHTpBA-f8PtTrkCMlnEv7IbsvSXXf-evjPZ4gc5k-4_RWr-Rh3ZegUjBliW6sAYn3nAfIMDA3Bi4b-ZA0HI7r6oIHUVwQVR8NrAQIyEo/w640-h280/geology%20of%20west%20exits.png" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">On the other hand, the green, as if for emphasis, is for conglomerate of the Grand Wash Trough; the darker brown shows Quaternary landslide deposits. The pale orange shows the silt and gravel river/reservoir deposits that have geologically recently buried the older roots of the buttes.</p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> On some maps, this river reach is still designated “Lower Granite Gorge”; but no granite shows here. (Yet.) The last outcrop of granite and pegmatite is up near Burnt Canyon, River Mile 261; Tapeats sandstone gets to 262. History compels me to note that Bridge Canyon Dam was proposed for 236.</p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-33629018346718867692023-11-12T22:35:00.000-07:002023-11-12T22:35:02.744-07:00HI and the Grand Canyon<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"><span style="font-size: large;">COULD THE GRAND CANYON TRAIN HUMAN-HEALTHY AI?</span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">My comments stimulated by J. Winterson’s essay (see down below) from 11/12/23 “Guardian” book section, essays on AI:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Should we not call this AI, not alternative, but inorganic-based or non-organic-based, intelligence: IBI, NOBI, …? The major point JW makes, with which I fully agree (and it is never more clear than during the present war horrors, is that our meat-based intelligence, grounded on our planet-wide male-dominance-developed world, is a failure. It is not a question of whether “we” will destroy ourselves, our world:— we DO, ARE, HAVE, destroy, destroying, destroyed. And even though we know what to do to avoid various complete destructions, we go on destroying it; making heating-up choices, for instance affecting the world’s weather systems, many of us glorying in our ability to sneer at predictions,, making up alternative fictions to allow us to continue doing just as we are, as we please. </span></p>
<span><span style="font-size: large;"><a name='more'></a></span></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Obviously, I agree with Winterson “not being thrilled”. Our behavior is destructive. We do not have to wipe the earth clean of life to look at, and react with horror at, what we have done and do on an on-going basis as far as death and destruction (and cheering it on) of humans and the current planetary environment and its creatures, are concerned. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">On the one hand, this is just the theory of species using up its resources until the final crash. On the other, there could be something like Le Guin’s Earth in <i>Always Coming Home: —</i> In some places, mighty fortresses of NOBI accomplishment; in others, some “tribal”-sized human settlements that pick and choose their tools based on health, comfort, interest, longevity, and other such modest qualities. Of course that Earth comes about only after cataclysm…</span></p>
<p style="color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">And what does this have to do with the Grand Canyon? On the one hand, there is the obvious point that I believe leaving the Canyon alone, un-man-marred, to be, and change in its ways,</span> <span style="background-color: white;">and go on, is a worthwhile goal, more worthwhile than building dams and carbon-based powerplants and industrial tourist sites that only facilitate our male-based destroying systems.</span></span></p>
<p style="color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">On the other, were we to able to change and seek solutions to our destructiveness, the Canyon would, does, stand as a reminder, an icon, of the meaningfulness of the world that hominids — up until a few millennia ago — evolved in. And that includes accepting longevity of a</span> <span style="background-color: white;">healthy environment as an over-riding human activity. </span></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;">One marker of such health would be a restored Colorado Plateau and River system, all the exploitations undone; humans living in its environments only within its parameters. Perhaps, indeed, such humans being guided by precepts derived from the best behaviors of all the many cultures that flourished here, and possibly thus being able to continue on to see even more healthy, supportive, long-lived environments.</span></p>
<p style="color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><u><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white;">And here is what </span>Winterson wrote:</span></u></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #0f0f0f;">In </span><span style="color: #584631;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(88, 70, 49);">my</span></span><span style="color: #0f0f0f;"> book of essays about life with AI – moving from Mary Shelley’s </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jan/13/frankenstein-at-200-why-hasnt-mary-shelley-been-given-the-respect-she-deserves-" style="color: #0f0f0f;"><span style="color: #584631;">1818 vision</span></a><span style="color: #0f0f0f;"> of a man-made humanoid to the possibilities of the </span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/may/21/mark-zuckerbergs-metaverse-vision-is-over-can-apple-save-it" style="color: #0f0f0f;"><span style="color: #584631;">metaverse</span></a><span style="color: #0f0f0f;"> – I describe AI not as artificial intelligence but alternative intelligence.</span></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;">I am not thrilled with where Homo sapiens has landed us, and I believe we are at the point where we evolve or wipe out ourselves, and the planet. There is no reason to believe that the last 300,000 years mark us out as a species that is fully evolved. Our behaviour suggests the opposite. I would like to see a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2022/jun/04/beyond-our-ape-brained-meat-sacks-can-transhumanism-save-our-species"><span style="color: #584631;">transhuman</span></a>, eventually a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/2015/sep/01/future-brands-post-human-world"><span style="color: #584631;">post-human,</span></a> future where intelligence and consciousness are no longer exclusively housed in a substrate made of meat. After all, that has been the promise of every world religion.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;">I was brought up in a strict religious household, and it intrigues me that for the first time since the Enlightenment, science and religion are asking the same question: is consciousness obliged to materiality? Religion has always said no. Scientific materialism has said yes. And now? It’s getting interesting.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;">As a fiction writer, I know we should avoid apocalyptic thinking. The way we live is not a law, like gravity; it is propositional. We make it up as we go along. We can change the story because we are the story. This is freedom. It is also responsibility. What story shall we tell about who humans are? Warlike, violent, dishonest, wasteful? That’s part of us, certainly. It’s not the whole story – and I don’t want it to be the story that ends life on Earth. The last thing I am worrying about right now is whether AI will write better fiction than humans. I don’t care.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;">I would love to work with AI on a piece of fiction. We could share the royalties, and the AI money could fund more women to get involved in AI research and application. The real problem is not that AI is writing, or will write, or can write. The problem is who is writing the AI programs and designing the algorithms. Who is setting the terms of the research? Who is deciding what matters? Mainly men. That’s a problem because the world is not made up of mainly men.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;">For centuries men wrote our literature, our history, our travelogues, our philosophy. Virginia Woolf was not on the curriculum for my Oxford degree because she was not deemed to be of sufficient merit.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The great thing about AI is that it need not be gendered – why should it be? It has no biological sex. This could be the start of a true non-binary, non race-based, faith-wars-irrelevant world, where we humans could realise how trivial are our divisions and discriminations. At present, AI is a tool. I doubt that will always be the case. An alternative intelligence will make art of all kinds – with us, and without us. I am ready for a different world.<br />
<i>12 Bytes: How Artificial Intelligence Will Change the Way We Live and Love by Jeanette Winterson is published by Vintage.</i></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-family: Helvetica; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 14px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">###</span></p><div><br /></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-53923921316262405102023-10-28T12:17:00.000-07:002023-10-28T12:17:02.262-07:00Exploring the Canyon's Far West: Photos of a Walk<div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: large;">WALKING THE WESTERNMOST HIGH POINT</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue; font-size: large;">WITH PHOTOS</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Below is the piece of B.L.M.'s Arizona Strip map that shows the W.H.P. and surrounding territory -- what we walked through, and what we could see from the WHP, which has the red oval around it (it is in the Canyon and the Park). The red dot northwest of the WHP is Snap Point. It marks the Park boundary, but is not in the Canyon -- the green line marks the drainage divide for the local Canyon side canyons (Parashant, Whitmore, and east).</span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span><a name='more'></a></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: center;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">We took all day October 6 to drive to the WHP's upper end.</span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSxPiRpBD2_GYcUys33-StTGkNQHz7eWFr_vw4lCn2W40_I8-SshJfHdLnVPDshD7vBxJeUbkrs2nDHFHf1i-040-RzQ_1hlQQaQzMkThednwwFqh7tr8wZYQmVV3e6pFvIc6aOuXrC16kUYzBes9HGLE5-Cj4HHoX8xBBSjwK2j-5twmxHjvdjcTfulE/s2880/west%20end%20%20line%20BLM%20map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="2880" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSxPiRpBD2_GYcUys33-StTGkNQHz7eWFr_vw4lCn2W40_I8-SshJfHdLnVPDshD7vBxJeUbkrs2nDHFHf1i-040-RzQ_1hlQQaQzMkThednwwFqh7tr8wZYQmVV3e6pFvIc6aOuXrC16kUYzBes9HGLE5-Cj4HHoX8xBBSjwK2j-5twmxHjvdjcTfulE/w640-h400/west%20end%20%20line%20BLM%20map.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">We arrived near sunset,</span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpS3NQ8AFPFwywrYram60pNm0E4oJCfeqHUKnvQVH1QPXA3D7K6s-UtB2Z5E2q3zbePg-W3-9S2ABIVJoUuYXCMAp3f_yXlXcBHSegy2MNt17sFcMcSzb4iyxv8TE8fv2fYrRmNsXKiRXSJwEMJe8BDRxkOFDS0Hf0TZcCagK6-RXFw24H5to-H16A4Ko/s4080/20231006_first%20look%20west.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3072" data-original-width="4080" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpS3NQ8AFPFwywrYram60pNm0E4oJCfeqHUKnvQVH1QPXA3D7K6s-UtB2Z5E2q3zbePg-W3-9S2ABIVJoUuYXCMAp3f_yXlXcBHSegy2MNt17sFcMcSzb4iyxv8TE8fv2fYrRmNsXKiRXSJwEMJe8BDRxkOFDS0Hf0TZcCagK6-RXFw24H5to-H16A4Ko/w640-h482/20231006_first%20look%20west.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">to see Snap Point to the north; </span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimmwSI9i8rvKznJh26MYV9FLUe6hE_KbRv2d0vUZnVbxaFK6z5NNRSTtmJOxtn7_-_LJly_xHVhuFjca1bz5dWQ5L6CtdFez5c8dIVmYFcAkneMCfN0lPFFhIGVfCwaAObGy8NgO5PpwUIzyN4z8Q2WFHc0QZXpoA8waL_GLA2ND4BJLD47XSbkhZQUMY/s4352/north%20to%20snap.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimmwSI9i8rvKznJh26MYV9FLUe6hE_KbRv2d0vUZnVbxaFK6z5NNRSTtmJOxtn7_-_LJly_xHVhuFjca1bz5dWQ5L6CtdFez5c8dIVmYFcAkneMCfN0lPFFhIGVfCwaAObGy8NgO5PpwUIzyN4z8Q2WFHc0QZXpoA8waL_GLA2ND4BJLD47XSbkhZQUMY/w640-h360/north%20to%20snap.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;">and south, over the Grand Canyon:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbPz-xY1tF9RImYbBTIIkHDFr-dbnTOitNKK8LdG1oFGjlinIzaohIgvJP7oePkoPGECfcC3Qf6BA4807FUVZXmIpmLMFyCdtuMuszXBaYy91Unza-ChQVriTbXsWOgyxyUN5fmzG6y_xyhzwK8iAYxEgs1XyBCxPIkyHhgq6Gja59mZYjm9lUE9mJd-A/s4352/look%20south.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbPz-xY1tF9RImYbBTIIkHDFr-dbnTOitNKK8LdG1oFGjlinIzaohIgvJP7oePkoPGECfcC3Qf6BA4807FUVZXmIpmLMFyCdtuMuszXBaYy91Unza-ChQVriTbXsWOgyxyUN5fmzG6y_xyhzwK8iAYxEgs1XyBCxPIkyHhgq6Gja59mZYjm9lUE9mJd-A/w640-h360/look%20south.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>Next day on our walk, we could see,</span> in summary: <span> </span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">to the west and north, Pearce Canyon and Snap Point; </span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">to the east,<span> a couple of points of the Shivwits Plateau; </span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>south down Dry Canyon and to the Colorado; </span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>west-southwest across the flat Sanup Plateau; </span></span></div><div style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>and beyond, the western ridge (green line on the map south of the river) that marks the Canyon</span><span>'s end.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">To start, </span><span style="font-family: arial;">we set out</span><span style="font-family: arial;"> south down the WHP over a brushy, slightly rolling landscape.</span></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjaM2L8Lbn66Qc2uOFGej20L0d67BaWbvGNlexUeN8kRQoXLEIQ86ZwvBl9-RXVfD5Mk-yHysn8EHrJpaFcoWO-Biir3uZSoHIAAQDeOF6SpNX9Djgf_rbg04UaRCohs8bzLSh_r1MGLx606TMHvBHuYB2SsZmYa1gsvT9agEm4eDQTFegY8AUzmw8mE0/s4352/08%20brush%20walk.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjaM2L8Lbn66Qc2uOFGej20L0d67BaWbvGNlexUeN8kRQoXLEIQ86ZwvBl9-RXVfD5Mk-yHysn8EHrJpaFcoWO-Biir3uZSoHIAAQDeOF6SpNX9Djgf_rbg04UaRCohs8bzLSh_r1MGLx606TMHvBHuYB2SsZmYa1gsvT9agEm4eDQTFegY8AUzmw8mE0/w640-h360/08%20brush%20walk.JPG" width="640" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Good views out over the Sanup Plateau,<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxgE8Y5Z2GTOBu06mxcrpIoOn5da3bjqosHMEINML9FiVuXYHbBRXYXZB1hALEFgtyQGcK4JIAhu9FlZmMNDh-68MPtdeRSZrSNleckoWQJzMQbUTQyMNmhGWywsEcjrQQKcGE8o8e6t-ouzNLxnub4DVXf37CO1xIlQWVT3CKABLIp9q6oviBV_w8M48/s4352/16sw%20over%20Sanup%20GC%20.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxgE8Y5Z2GTOBu06mxcrpIoOn5da3bjqosHMEINML9FiVuXYHbBRXYXZB1hALEFgtyQGcK4JIAhu9FlZmMNDh-68MPtdeRSZrSNleckoWQJzMQbUTQyMNmhGWywsEcjrQQKcGE8o8e6t-ouzNLxnub4DVXf37CO1xIlQWVT3CKABLIp9q6oviBV_w8M48/w640-h360/16sw%20over%20Sanup%20GC%20.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">and back along the Kaibab cliffs sloping to Hermit hills,</div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilOc_8OPb0DMCGwKUeO78yJ9jplUXTJKk7cF6xktFqDlVDfjmUUBIb8nX0Ws3CSIF8hN5ShwHiKMiBSYP9kROkuLuTKZFNwUS3PIt7BVXXuTv0hU1mycIV4Q-WnmvYSOhrsQF2j9QRioeCPMCBthx8ta9_EHRAD_g8hSi45tpHXk6XdPMLpqA9TkmTMGU/s4352/62Kaibab%20cliffs.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilOc_8OPb0DMCGwKUeO78yJ9jplUXTJKk7cF6xktFqDlVDfjmUUBIb8nX0Ws3CSIF8hN5ShwHiKMiBSYP9kROkuLuTKZFNwUS3PIt7BVXXuTv0hU1mycIV4Q-WnmvYSOhrsQF2j9QRioeCPMCBthx8ta9_EHRAD_g8hSi45tpHXk6XdPMLpqA9TkmTMGU/w640-h360/62Kaibab%20cliffs.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>and a good view of the Park's end point on Snap.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigifW-RYpIKJiSzklT0hwkQ0rmvUTHjQjhmev7jgs6mwu8bpxqHB0FYIBNmkpdNu59DD1iB6N__6ma-zY1F7V42g4y9QIn44kC_boNHYeB7VZ5nhIgqjs0w1aKA5nbCUhMjpL5mYmpAB4BfZvePVbWwHp_zK2ypJzSDKJp7v28a9-PIRGxbnrXAqEd0EM/s4352/18ok%20another%20view%20to%20Snap.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigifW-RYpIKJiSzklT0hwkQ0rmvUTHjQjhmev7jgs6mwu8bpxqHB0FYIBNmkpdNu59DD1iB6N__6ma-zY1F7V42g4y9QIn44kC_boNHYeB7VZ5nhIgqjs0w1aKA5nbCUhMjpL5mYmpAB4BfZvePVbWwHp_zK2ypJzSDKJp7v28a9-PIRGxbnrXAqEd0EM/w640-h360/18ok%20another%20view%20to%20Snap.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>However, the walk's dominant feature had to be the three-tiered brush: cactus, shrubs, trees. No straight paths here. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOJE4fZD7GO3UltlCdNu9CBEOihbuQ4KHomgoN9Lkebok9p6GAf3Z-cJHNk_5DlAwpkDXkUzDmCcCsHhZCb9vqpHjmldzkeyoSX0w8KLKtQzvuOh78DSUF7hpADvwGB5fINZL-SKchXwP258ZJRV8j7khkwbQslwqrXL9WAjUJyA_99WZVv81iHafFVaE/s4352/29tough%20country%20but%20unspoiled.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOJE4fZD7GO3UltlCdNu9CBEOihbuQ4KHomgoN9Lkebok9p6GAf3Z-cJHNk_5DlAwpkDXkUzDmCcCsHhZCb9vqpHjmldzkeyoSX0w8KLKtQzvuOh78DSUF7hpADvwGB5fINZL-SKchXwP258ZJRV8j7khkwbQslwqrXL9WAjUJyA_99WZVv81iHafFVaE/w640-h360/29tough%20country%20but%20unspoiled.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPc4HS6RemE9zVcFTFmLRQXEvZb9sllxMxiEsEYg7DLyEyv_pY8L3D33lxdVfE6bGPnL5S8BfxuxUzvdqZ81998qaRNn6mQ1ETILKu7tLgT23tji0AxxQfM-VWcV4Y_e13OmsyiKsU4yGx7Jo6LZC5zKr-OdqisK-gw0dmyjBcR_ajEQDUj-ZEskoKIuw/s4352/22slowly%20slowly.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhPc4HS6RemE9zVcFTFmLRQXEvZb9sllxMxiEsEYg7DLyEyv_pY8L3D33lxdVfE6bGPnL5S8BfxuxUzvdqZ81998qaRNn6mQ1ETILKu7tLgT23tji0AxxQfM-VWcV4Y_e13OmsyiKsU4yGx7Jo6LZC5zKr-OdqisK-gw0dmyjBcR_ajEQDUj-ZEskoKIuw/w640-h360/22slowly%20slowly.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfrQH-CrKnkAS4uEiFcograKcLVNjatWAuIhhWCYNv-bhYL8gL9OTgGBm41BPffZu_UO5sT4q5-ymjm8KmJP07y3ujz2S0nAtxesz7LqzA5K8kNmQ0lixOb0xAFPX3PpVkF9ZH3JC9SM-Qd7ihpCMSGpOKwKS83nw-XM1jgLQ7FPmO2PwuBwOdHwIf7yI/s4352/09up%20and%20down%20near%20edge.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfrQH-CrKnkAS4uEiFcograKcLVNjatWAuIhhWCYNv-bhYL8gL9OTgGBm41BPffZu_UO5sT4q5-ymjm8KmJP07y3ujz2S0nAtxesz7LqzA5K8kNmQ0lixOb0xAFPX3PpVkF9ZH3JC9SM-Qd7ihpCMSGpOKwKS83nw-XM1jgLQ7FPmO2PwuBwOdHwIf7yI/w640-h360/09up%20and%20down%20near%20edge.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Maybe not a Wilderness; certainly a walk in the wild.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTTpgklbE4hFQGbEDFSDuxCtQqWH1x3YWVSUVhgWVSuxQr-AQCYJiXCh4SHpgHEoKwJZaT8e5NyvKe5CWDsZA76GZV2klp_y1ZJNCB36AO1_dySy4Z1B0yulLoIO7DzF789Tf2JqxXQWpmJBnlHcA2jON5BDiuJ28Bbf8D1ax5MrmNsA6AoFjtqKVfq3I/s4352/12typical.%20roadable%3F.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTTpgklbE4hFQGbEDFSDuxCtQqWH1x3YWVSUVhgWVSuxQr-AQCYJiXCh4SHpgHEoKwJZaT8e5NyvKe5CWDsZA76GZV2klp_y1ZJNCB36AO1_dySy4Z1B0yulLoIO7DzF789Tf2JqxXQWpmJBnlHcA2jON5BDiuJ28Bbf8D1ax5MrmNsA6AoFjtqKVfq3I/w640-h360/12typical.%20roadable%3F.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">No. A trail, much less a road, would NOT be better.</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIW-V1OtEJcIHDdCZtWr7AIQ43u6PmsZ44K56jjjh2gUdjymZ-s1NDsSWawQogemeJ8XaJ_YS91NmnxphyVQ-Rc-cHyIFlkZA9Cj_7HQtB0Es1vTRtVyxEzQKfhMzWR_S15MzMzeE-iOCL2p3tBrf7nQbSylzp9Cv-jR2I016sbI3jHViJ4T46VZx6Eqs/s4352/13typical%20slow.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIW-V1OtEJcIHDdCZtWr7AIQ43u6PmsZ44K56jjjh2gUdjymZ-s1NDsSWawQogemeJ8XaJ_YS91NmnxphyVQ-Rc-cHyIFlkZA9Cj_7HQtB0Es1vTRtVyxEzQKfhMzWR_S15MzMzeE-iOCL2p3tBrf7nQbSylzp9Cv-jR2I016sbI3jHViJ4T46VZx6Eqs/w640-h360/13typical%20slow.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYL2YTGy1BZICi5CPD60EFtxWidLk0Kod0hmh9AjDbbhLRd7fGAwwRKyegCQFLiqK2hw-RyRxpCp4F6J60B1ZwQ4B7of3aokoxBWtFWge6tsQ0eHhHLQFWxWZA4-aTcidUL3ej5MtMx_HGFRrCfG2rVLfepWTlETiuNpgDV8J27Mj7kn-gJLNG8ZGatnQ/s4352/38stumpin%20along.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYL2YTGy1BZICi5CPD60EFtxWidLk0Kod0hmh9AjDbbhLRd7fGAwwRKyegCQFLiqK2hw-RyRxpCp4F6J60B1ZwQ4B7of3aokoxBWtFWge6tsQ0eHhHLQFWxWZA4-aTcidUL3ej5MtMx_HGFRrCfG2rVLfepWTlETiuNpgDV8J27Mj7kn-gJLNG8ZGatnQ/w640-h360/38stumpin%20along.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Though the more open areas were a relief. </span><span style="font-family: arial;">As were the colors and other surprises:</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4jhepznym-jYs18_iKiD4vXM5TXrTRx3PtLvJGubeo91HP300D2I1J1wPNDFrDcBExyGNsQkF2pPfpbDQ94CfEWmM1_pXqg8ovU1CRzQuKHffpA-IABh7dNQoNDtZfKbHGxhz0HMpl2_4EmCLpkUBIzMVMlWlWkWOl7QJOdnTQTSwSj6a-Sjpgzl47w/s4352/10scarlet%20gilia.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC4jhepznym-jYs18_iKiD4vXM5TXrTRx3PtLvJGubeo91HP300D2I1J1wPNDFrDcBExyGNsQkF2pPfpbDQ94CfEWmM1_pXqg8ovU1CRzQuKHffpA-IABh7dNQoNDtZfKbHGxhz0HMpl2_4EmCLpkUBIzMVMlWlWkWOl7QJOdnTQTSwSj6a-Sjpgzl47w/w640-h360/10scarlet%20gilia.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">These are scarlet Gilia, a favorite of mine.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLMGZXxfZnXMUXiiuF76j_ByuaIx2RV28lE8BUfsFoV6dEnRlOrLB67Yg5H1hBYEau9F7XiAOybEwMpp0i3lnuR1XE9trSJwmRUCQXAoXzKdAyjnuNbEAm7WeC6GzLo2YXEmc6Q0rT_PSEQd9x1tjlPDJ18XvUwSNk4wQhRal1pFI4l936YAs5CqPy6A8/s4352/11%20gilia%20upclose.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLMGZXxfZnXMUXiiuF76j_ByuaIx2RV28lE8BUfsFoV6dEnRlOrLB67Yg5H1hBYEau9F7XiAOybEwMpp0i3lnuR1XE9trSJwmRUCQXAoXzKdAyjnuNbEAm7WeC6GzLo2YXEmc6Q0rT_PSEQd9x1tjlPDJ18XvUwSNk4wQhRal1pFI4l936YAs5CqPy6A8/w640-h360/11%20gilia%20upclose.JPG" width="640" /></a></div></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Some pricklies</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsU4XDROHT-nSvTs7E4lrzttonIEF27YHIgsj3OiqT6JV-_Y3tA9W7jq_J-LqcyLq-G55b1fmzS_SbBvETotLDg7MRLr_1sUexrdZbqC8RVD-XagfOA-ze8fL0uCbGewGxsL8OZPgQK5M3atDTkXCain-0Jym7L46Mghkx3mTdmk-ruRPw_cQpeVOM_i0/s4352/61tight%20group.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsU4XDROHT-nSvTs7E4lrzttonIEF27YHIgsj3OiqT6JV-_Y3tA9W7jq_J-LqcyLq-G55b1fmzS_SbBvETotLDg7MRLr_1sUexrdZbqC8RVD-XagfOA-ze8fL0uCbGewGxsL8OZPgQK5M3atDTkXCain-0Jym7L46Mghkx3mTdmk-ruRPw_cQpeVOM_i0/w640-h360/61tight%20group.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2hugzlAsyGhaQzyXVsD3hYSvjsegdhZe5EI4jWTosk0dAAJxw3zut_IGWqXkbwuij_bk2fazd9bcof2oVbDjS-zjz5wO7zObyUW4b3CtBsVu6gYmKpRdC44cuDVM2xX2rgtBI5c9Qcg7h6Pue5GjWVwZMC1T8hg8_x7Q3q9t49DFGJEonqr_Q74MY4AE/s4352/p02snake.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2hugzlAsyGhaQzyXVsD3hYSvjsegdhZe5EI4jWTosk0dAAJxw3zut_IGWqXkbwuij_bk2fazd9bcof2oVbDjS-zjz5wO7zObyUW4b3CtBsVu6gYmKpRdC44cuDVM2xX2rgtBI5c9Qcg7h6Pue5GjWVwZMC1T8hg8_x7Q3q9t49DFGJEonqr_Q74MY4AE/w640-h360/p02snake.JPG" width="640" /><br /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> Actually, that one was in Pearce.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>Food and color for somebody:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuBzkau6QvD7Trku4eX_wEfOSHNRSpVBHsDqe6pwtU7eAMMQM6he9IcCBxk5OCmvm3V-NANZBrPRsOD1xm8Z5wPcoZDJeryKQ8lL0SG7x2gMQPsGetqsXIzA4jzpnJhDlhDLzPWwRQAbZZUerBSXdWwHEIANsyGAsHQndV6mhQZyg3LQWOnM8rlY2QQXA/s4352/60food.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuBzkau6QvD7Trku4eX_wEfOSHNRSpVBHsDqe6pwtU7eAMMQM6he9IcCBxk5OCmvm3V-NANZBrPRsOD1xm8Z5wPcoZDJeryKQ8lL0SG7x2gMQPsGetqsXIzA4jzpnJhDlhDLzPWwRQAbZZUerBSXdWwHEIANsyGAsHQndV6mhQZyg3LQWOnM8rlY2QQXA/w640-h360/60food.JPG" width="640" /><br /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">More color</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieiJo0aaRthvGEyAPhluOiyb3vwWW9HzwQuljNgAIfCcfPgx_wIJyppMUa7f1pfrUJXY07ZQN7v2I-Qz5_PohC9vbOfX7ErtS_moLJ_dAqbiIMUJ0Dg3O8oSYSh6d24Y6Bt5S7aO8jn2J_ekEZMltcgCPWpjD6c_BtrKEEkzcsQewRQVVyjseqgRnVGNk/s4352/65more%20color.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieiJo0aaRthvGEyAPhluOiyb3vwWW9HzwQuljNgAIfCcfPgx_wIJyppMUa7f1pfrUJXY07ZQN7v2I-Qz5_PohC9vbOfX7ErtS_moLJ_dAqbiIMUJ0Dg3O8oSYSh6d24Y6Bt5S7aO8jn2J_ekEZMltcgCPWpjD6c_BtrKEEkzcsQewRQVVyjseqgRnVGNk/w640-h360/65more%20color.JPG" width="640" /><br /></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">More life</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2UBsxmX0Y-fum1cHlXW0UdlFUxCzbqIMdcKRQr2vPva5kPsPKwRTqWB57HkeVahDfWxovaLGlJvJeShTFIrsuk66AAmCQlIFDqTaXWi_RPfIgi_PEitR_nnEhX5pyDDfe6CBEf47ywaSN9MJcLa4TMfzuFi5P7QoaXuTUnufiKk3FxTePkrS8gDpsq3E/s4352/21%20winged%20life.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2UBsxmX0Y-fum1cHlXW0UdlFUxCzbqIMdcKRQr2vPva5kPsPKwRTqWB57HkeVahDfWxovaLGlJvJeShTFIrsuk66AAmCQlIFDqTaXWi_RPfIgi_PEitR_nnEhX5pyDDfe6CBEf47ywaSN9MJcLa4TMfzuFi5P7QoaXuTUnufiKk3FxTePkrS8gDpsq3E/w640-h360/21%20winged%20life.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large; text-align: left;">A curious totem</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVL2jfjoPUW1pY8QRb6mrCi3BZSPd6uaPguQkYy43tvgvdqCsh021CHkrItFFtBxvk8HLcITS7KsNe0t1P3LNZs9rYzDslVQMvzdfBkiiAMui3Hpn7Aq1SS_DFFIufVFyL4EOo6ic5FISUi6x0mka_mmvKPeB-h-KiYR5sPSlcfjBW3dJ7-Aby8-mvIiw/s4352/33totem.JPG" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVL2jfjoPUW1pY8QRb6mrCi3BZSPd6uaPguQkYy43tvgvdqCsh021CHkrItFFtBxvk8HLcITS7KsNe0t1P3LNZs9rYzDslVQMvzdfBkiiAMui3Hpn7Aq1SS_DFFIufVFyL4EOo6ic5FISUi6x0mka_mmvKPeB-h-KiYR5sPSlcfjBW3dJ7-Aby8-mvIiw/w360-h640/33totem.JPG" width="360" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">One of our main goals was to see how the Sanup Plateau stretched out in relation to the main river gorge and the boundary ridge on the south side of the river.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Flat out there, with little domes</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC-aGR3QNblBLv5Epb9RO2e5mRj7vy5vSpK84WWvB1suJoZe-EGMmQwOvPMjuut8O628Z4leDqK0nP7LNSITGaacWsMBQ_01r0jakffeuNofEZgqDngAsm-ZgNfqStgucWogJAk9_QpHYAhyphenhyphenuDEa2JeNfHMC6eZa4e6ed5nNleEq8oVBL0QqonCmW1_Ws/s4352/35GCs%20Sanup.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgC-aGR3QNblBLv5Epb9RO2e5mRj7vy5vSpK84WWvB1suJoZe-EGMmQwOvPMjuut8O628Z4leDqK0nP7LNSITGaacWsMBQ_01r0jakffeuNofEZgqDngAsm-ZgNfqStgucWogJAk9_QpHYAhyphenhyphenuDEa2JeNfHMC6eZa4e6ed5nNleEq8oVBL0QqonCmW1_Ws/w360-h640/35GCs%20Sanup.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx0QUh7dN0yFzeBLJMlu-hrYnpVya01db0SdkaGvUpVaqR2oQG8er4swSP8Zslr7Qqz6MUcHWvknZM8KB-D43Q8pGUHHb2xWd42VXzmY34QGH2_SR-EpzstAhABp09iXeEB7yaritTHRiWRR1A8OeQd2VY9No7T-QUBbk3y7cq5tq1VqfnVgSGpIQEw0w/s4352/26good%20view%20over%20Sanup%20to%20GC.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjx0QUh7dN0yFzeBLJMlu-hrYnpVya01db0SdkaGvUpVaqR2oQG8er4swSP8Zslr7Qqz6MUcHWvknZM8KB-D43Q8pGUHHb2xWd42VXzmY34QGH2_SR-EpzstAhABp09iXeEB7yaritTHRiWRR1A8OeQd2VY9No7T-QUBbk3y7cq5tq1VqfnVgSGpIQEw0w/w640-h360/26good%20view%20over%20Sanup%20to%20GC.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Brought up closer:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnh5dDfZZ4PxtIAqiycUE_k_p2BOxtki9fedVAZ26PE6yV3cIgsF_uykjkSi_Lvm1iWR3hJ5YTZpD8flj1yXz7tRriUOxoMv4KIwbBPVIwRuMqwAtUcvGd6ybcjnyhBCys_HGMsYQU0SaJh5gSXzmUYHPDV-TvWjiZp1G8P2Q9iiFXNOAbto5xH7KPTlk/s4352/27telephoto%20of%20Sanup.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnh5dDfZZ4PxtIAqiycUE_k_p2BOxtki9fedVAZ26PE6yV3cIgsF_uykjkSi_Lvm1iWR3hJ5YTZpD8flj1yXz7tRriUOxoMv4KIwbBPVIwRuMqwAtUcvGd6ybcjnyhBCys_HGMsYQU0SaJh5gSXzmUYHPDV-TvWjiZp1G8P2Q9iiFXNOAbto5xH7KPTlk/w640-h360/27telephoto%20of%20Sanup.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Was there a way down on the Hermit; along the divide</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZSDLHLHCVlxsgwU6n0eEKCawur_X9aGkWCkj_kxUEhK3vfIeYaDv4ZNDIil9D3KgM5VaVHH8DYvuo7MZrPtk5uedO4WMlhDOqUv4og_ZSZP7EnUuPvpwwRz1lCO5LH-ksUNdlWrbEoQUQ4qdMVibtKzaMFwemJRXZM03vUOzHHO_ItF0gpiRBYjc-9BA/s4352/44down%20across%20Sanup.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZSDLHLHCVlxsgwU6n0eEKCawur_X9aGkWCkj_kxUEhK3vfIeYaDv4ZNDIil9D3KgM5VaVHH8DYvuo7MZrPtk5uedO4WMlhDOqUv4og_ZSZP7EnUuPvpwwRz1lCO5LH-ksUNdlWrbEoQUQ4qdMVibtKzaMFwemJRXZM03vUOzHHO_ItF0gpiRBYjc-9BA/w360-h640/44down%20across%20Sanup.JPG" width="360" /><br /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">As we got closer to the southern end:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqG71NBeMZqHb_fosrEvefVt3SFlxD7HbILwobeg6QsmNSrZ6hnz8AsoGg0HzCTFqNuhLQbSb6LBdDP3Y6I-j2gb4J3JP4RKVj92E0yk3W4jv-AZ8ZVtq2TvLhtIlpWMqIG9itO6CVduKvtNWxUA1CghFROv7UQ0-431cJFpHFpVmWrQaSpR0MKdJoRC8/s4352/43on%20west%20side%20looking%20south.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqG71NBeMZqHb_fosrEvefVt3SFlxD7HbILwobeg6QsmNSrZ6hnz8AsoGg0HzCTFqNuhLQbSb6LBdDP3Y6I-j2gb4J3JP4RKVj92E0yk3W4jv-AZ8ZVtq2TvLhtIlpWMqIG9itO6CVduKvtNWxUA1CghFROv7UQ0-431cJFpHFpVmWrQaSpR0MKdJoRC8/w360-h640/43on%20west%20side%20looking%20south.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Off to the eastern side of the point:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXqqvqNGmvK-N5dzRI3qVgIbflLjGAl4907FY6Pvb9TqFMV_IZ83VXwx5JpS_TZ-xP9kl3CIjjTTsGQjA7oMfoEP7fPbcGCHzkxRP8kmVPCmjNwQtf8uOrtzFjCHe7R88WM3NPROfbsWqfZBybDemIFISO4UD4tHt87mkPx4Ml-db6Xz3GpBB3BX10z2s/s4352/42end%20of%20point%20south.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXqqvqNGmvK-N5dzRI3qVgIbflLjGAl4907FY6Pvb9TqFMV_IZ83VXwx5JpS_TZ-xP9kl3CIjjTTsGQjA7oMfoEP7fPbcGCHzkxRP8kmVPCmjNwQtf8uOrtzFjCHe7R88WM3NPROfbsWqfZBybDemIFISO4UD4tHt87mkPx4Ml-db6Xz3GpBB3BX10z2s/w360-h640/42end%20of%20point%20south.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">due south</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFwzts0DiujuxNv25TsnPPn26scFM1nfYyTfa099-U3T4PzdFk3kXu2B0efzbSnD0JHs9VPdl5fHiuP7xAmquxKP-mXzKXoCPnCYkGlYrblAmtc_7VjVDW_qh6Bzg7qDtz1krImPdyvZrlXqHeXbprDyGSEEmtg_o997gcpA1gMQK3LiQr8hyffd0juiU/s4352/51due%20south%20at%20end.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFwzts0DiujuxNv25TsnPPn26scFM1nfYyTfa099-U3T4PzdFk3kXu2B0efzbSnD0JHs9VPdl5fHiuP7xAmquxKP-mXzKXoCPnCYkGlYrblAmtc_7VjVDW_qh6Bzg7qDtz1krImPdyvZrlXqHeXbprDyGSEEmtg_o997gcpA1gMQK3LiQr8hyffd0juiU/w360-h640/51due%20south%20at%20end.JPG" width="360" /></span></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">With people: me, Hazel</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWZofZ4QaAcpW4FTg16SMS9RIUEarhXvwERaFsV7dM3YCwJG32jt9rJBQyoSQc25UOkxmXHPt_Jyhwhqj-OElGIJs8YFkDC6BIrP8iB__jfT2iuo1CwF9kTDB3crmL_LjKzeadGw0UYUJbmeqSucW042h3OT5Ec0WscDygRohq7KhPBYvvymL_Itz7tF4/s3264/521on%20the%20walk.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="3264" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWZofZ4QaAcpW4FTg16SMS9RIUEarhXvwERaFsV7dM3YCwJG32jt9rJBQyoSQc25UOkxmXHPt_Jyhwhqj-OElGIJs8YFkDC6BIrP8iB__jfT2iuo1CwF9kTDB3crmL_LjKzeadGw0UYUJbmeqSucW042h3OT5Ec0WscDygRohq7KhPBYvvymL_Itz7tF4/w640-h480/521on%20the%20walk.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The Hermit Shale showing to the east</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d8c2G0IUFJxtjIQPPeazTug6sXPHPdxOUZOUjTGt8ppCTbxEB8Pjdr2TzzO9Rw2qWSofYESQne2CFJkz3IKJ_-G9Uhf2X4U3KL7pY_2x-ZKFBKXY5FKcp6qDNN-CSI-X2OfXsgjk-edxJ4dGG-PjSlQBDOWU5cN65ofjjdK6M08bKJVLZWPvchBVlFo/s4352/46se%20toward%20river.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7d8c2G0IUFJxtjIQPPeazTug6sXPHPdxOUZOUjTGt8ppCTbxEB8Pjdr2TzzO9Rw2qWSofYESQne2CFJkz3IKJ_-G9Uhf2X4U3KL7pY_2x-ZKFBKXY5FKcp6qDNN-CSI-X2OfXsgjk-edxJ4dGG-PjSlQBDOWU5cN65ofjjdK6M08bKJVLZWPvchBVlFo/w360-h640/46se%20toward%20river.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The WHP End, aka the Dragon's Beak</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXXFcHMkhgPEYupnm3kmOyTx_w_yZTJY2wgBstcbHp9UIehxo2U4FF-Fb6qCHwrMlJCo02HVl6jgMhsB_oL7c8OfRtyq-GUq3gOXgV7LJnFNV8XrcihCyiBwhIAnXxziQtbZ7Nmuf-KDxMwb2wmJp9tvku5JF7ntf4bkqMkQc-7oXXge-tVc0L47gUVg/s4352/53dragon%20beak.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhEXXFcHMkhgPEYupnm3kmOyTx_w_yZTJY2wgBstcbHp9UIehxo2U4FF-Fb6qCHwrMlJCo02HVl6jgMhsB_oL7c8OfRtyq-GUq3gOXgV7LJnFNV8XrcihCyiBwhIAnXxziQtbZ7Nmuf-KDxMwb2wmJp9tvku5JF7ntf4bkqMkQc-7oXXge-tVc0L47gUVg/w360-h640/53dragon%20beak.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Hermit again, down to the west</span> <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihheC0-j0GwsZwSlNMgruOyUHROT3IyZHICQY2nV4NVZgLkHh7Yr_Ehpy58O3-T9Ao9qB5E3ovyqOiwFcTw58VMln9OcPHEEtlF7GVdYkVCkPu7wKIFrHnsVWUT0Mk7WysDKudkZgQapPeD9r9PBf_EWyrH0WZ9T1qe7HYrl2zwyJbfhkMjIl2igbkyAU/s4352/54across%20Hermit.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihheC0-j0GwsZwSlNMgruOyUHROT3IyZHICQY2nV4NVZgLkHh7Yr_Ehpy58O3-T9Ao9qB5E3ovyqOiwFcTw58VMln9OcPHEEtlF7GVdYkVCkPu7wKIFrHnsVWUT0Mk7WysDKudkZgQapPeD9r9PBf_EWyrH0WZ9T1qe7HYrl2zwyJbfhkMjIl2igbkyAU/w360-h640/54across%20Hermit.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Editorial: </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Decades ago, an itinerant "cowboy/prospector" named Garrett spent some time in this area. (The Sanup was used as winter grazing until it was added to the Park 50 years ago.) Apparently, Garrett piled up stones to make a sort of shelter. Some remain standing, and when USGS cartographers drew the 15' quad (published 1971), they noticed the ruin and -- for a joke? -- called these rock piles "Fort Garrett (ruin)".</span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> To begin with, the word "fort" is an insult to this peaceable land and its original inhabitants. Even worse, these piles of rocks are</span></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">not </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">even in the Grand Canyon, but north in the Pearce Canyon drainage to Lake Mead.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> Yet (as part of the joke?), USGS mappers went on to stick the name "Fort Garrett Point" on the Westernmost High Point of the Grand Canyon, an indignity to the Canyon and the Southern Paiute. THIS SHOULD BE CHANGED, AND I URGE SECRETARY HAALAND'S COMMITTEE FOR MAKING APPROPRIATE NAME CHANGES TO SELECT A MEANINGFUL SOUTHERN PAIUTE NAME, AND </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> </span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">RE-DESIGNATE THE GRAND CANYON'S WESTERNMOST HIGH POINT, THUS</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> BRINGING POSITIVE ATTENTION TO THIS FAR WESTERN PART OF THE GRAND CANYON. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8SgyIdRMT7xYAaTIFJjMNb97Ou6-NMn6LJqmHpPXLLFQ-piR5sawBLn7vHRcYjQgqmCn7O8j3udMSBAlseyfH2ufCX1K1k7EmHfYA2MIQBV6Opn2POlpcCeF7_XvtSYng8fHA5hCRYf0SrXUlgFkfDWBYIx3I98yn04qQdLiDQimqgcF8oCH7eB1PWA/s4352/p07ruin1.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ8SgyIdRMT7xYAaTIFJjMNb97Ou6-NMn6LJqmHpPXLLFQ-piR5sawBLn7vHRcYjQgqmCn7O8j3udMSBAlseyfH2ufCX1K1k7EmHfYA2MIQBV6Opn2POlpcCeF7_XvtSYng8fHA5hCRYf0SrXUlgFkfDWBYIx3I98yn04qQdLiDQimqgcF8oCH7eB1PWA/s320/p07ruin1.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhopPQOC3VzH_rVwfsKzWksbXv07LthEF-v8YUg2eFQLhF-3Dcb5zoykMzAYhI69wXW4WgJl-HYCdJZHN43bDBA0hUFl2-qCsacp83p6DcT6TYbDxRu0cx164PQMaycpyIikjtFe59sZtghXnKHWvOD4FUeSnpZUlVA8T9B94IBnvSwffv3UOkSBAf3T-U/s4352/p08ruin2.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhopPQOC3VzH_rVwfsKzWksbXv07LthEF-v8YUg2eFQLhF-3Dcb5zoykMzAYhI69wXW4WgJl-HYCdJZHN43bDBA0hUFl2-qCsacp83p6DcT6TYbDxRu0cx164PQMaycpyIikjtFe59sZtghXnKHWvOD4FUeSnpZUlVA8T9B94IBnvSwffv3UOkSBAf3T-U/s320/p08ruin2.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmM8rwTJQmqZvlqZBeWAV6bDvppZZqJkN315uZL-yZsZ2zBzN0_dEHzV04PaYsqw9O-QrO00z5l0Et29zs7yUvoyTw6SX7GpwcAstZY_3TZEE5IRFCkDBwnbrwCeuyZYg7g1YGGcowHh6xtcv2Mi39T_nM3Ei7-f385z9mBBRkZfCqyF6bHyYjGW8A8MI/s4352/p09ruin3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmM8rwTJQmqZvlqZBeWAV6bDvppZZqJkN315uZL-yZsZ2zBzN0_dEHzV04PaYsqw9O-QrO00z5l0Et29zs7yUvoyTw6SX7GpwcAstZY_3TZEE5IRFCkDBwnbrwCeuyZYg7g1YGGcowHh6xtcv2Mi39T_nM3Ei7-f385z9mBBRkZfCqyF6bHyYjGW8A8MI/s320/p09ruin3.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">End of editorial. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Back to our walk along the WHP, with significant views, first far off to the east, other points of the Shivwits Plateau:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6MgGzYOJykfob7T322_GVxE2mFCMUbufYlfkVH2Si3vpkPlTEwMumLDjv8F4125LREh3QJz6kmkX_pBf-DdFCpdWW0NyFS1ifaKfkkxc_sZbaJcpg6ahNS1KcjmEoDF-HpZBWndjBV_WsWrh0hSCuZJmlgwHRKHJ0IPvTXTUGqPGDQjpUqrtGXUFwXMA/s4352/20looking%20east.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6MgGzYOJykfob7T322_GVxE2mFCMUbufYlfkVH2Si3vpkPlTEwMumLDjv8F4125LREh3QJz6kmkX_pBf-DdFCpdWW0NyFS1ifaKfkkxc_sZbaJcpg6ahNS1KcjmEoDF-HpZBWndjBV_WsWrh0hSCuZJmlgwHRKHJ0IPvTXTUGqPGDQjpUqrtGXUFwXMA/w640-h360/20looking%20east.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs6LjLlYLVuSAn2o-DAr5ySGmnq3U17KmGHDmiIPySt0LCpxRtehc6lYbz_WfQlV9IRbWcKI2MtnLEtjAfE_NpszgetkXnBqXsFioCpsuDUVh4hsvrgxewBrVeyNDGyjdnk_8riAe-MAu3N8C_F7IOjBOx5WVAsBxBjOz-ovp-RwqFMyzbsGfWZ9a2PEY/s4352/30into%20Dry%20Canyon.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs6LjLlYLVuSAn2o-DAr5ySGmnq3U17KmGHDmiIPySt0LCpxRtehc6lYbz_WfQlV9IRbWcKI2MtnLEtjAfE_NpszgetkXnBqXsFioCpsuDUVh4hsvrgxewBrVeyNDGyjdnk_8riAe-MAu3N8C_F7IOjBOx5WVAsBxBjOz-ovp-RwqFMyzbsGfWZ9a2PEY/w640-h360/30into%20Dry%20Canyon.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">West to the edge of the Sanup, mountains beyond Las Vegas, Pearce on the right;</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUuBUADDgas6G7t7QqUvf_-kvgVRUddbbSzR3zal43TauW4hDAUMIANmtG8y6kpm3aGepyezJSFk9OawIakkQAhhcMw_K1SoK0UIR8EDMuLjyW9ba8Au8OsCCFtYDU4gyKc9COnfSRsb4kiFCrpD1vVqMHdV4N_RCvugsrcV5AwPrv9lbIzZSO3UuGe5E/s4352/49down%20onto%20Sanup.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUuBUADDgas6G7t7QqUvf_-kvgVRUddbbSzR3zal43TauW4hDAUMIANmtG8y6kpm3aGepyezJSFk9OawIakkQAhhcMw_K1SoK0UIR8EDMuLjyW9ba8Au8OsCCFtYDU4gyKc9COnfSRsb4kiFCrpD1vVqMHdV4N_RCvugsrcV5AwPrv9lbIzZSO3UuGe5E/w360-h640/49down%20onto%20Sanup.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Again, to the east, and looking hard for the deep view:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinpeZICWiWE746Mrc5WKxl_LSVWtR8ZhQX4F9EvjeONr9YUMTfz0c9sKotVQN_2TGXvm_sxyDPdWb5rQz0iSrpuO9yrsHnE0Gs72HjdT1xkazHkp4vfOl5OCoOcBcDAZx3Z_E28vgelc1P0VY7QWAha3fv1wS7tnGZjWyjnnlSDAIHXUMlX_3Q9k8dsgg/s4352/39looking%20upcanyon.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinpeZICWiWE746Mrc5WKxl_LSVWtR8ZhQX4F9EvjeONr9YUMTfz0c9sKotVQN_2TGXvm_sxyDPdWb5rQz0iSrpuO9yrsHnE0Gs72HjdT1xkazHkp4vfOl5OCoOcBcDAZx3Z_E28vgelc1P0VY7QWAha3fv1wS7tnGZjWyjnnlSDAIHXUMlX_3Q9k8dsgg/w640-h360/39looking%20upcanyon.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Down into the main gorge to the Colorado itself:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6UecZT-8nhHPpp14Bs5EJ2H7WaP5t4qAcBrSqwJoHOMSX7J0K2HKFTGFxH7vv_svJBa1IoPfq64VhgW1dSJfoBl2HeTsY9ME9NLkMc53THvjZstCyufhjoqwL8FnH5AIoj4CCkT4TSn6D8pbBmzXwru2O9F9GJIrbsshUmc0WjLfMvQ5QYYMHNV5DvmA/s4352/41more%20river.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6UecZT-8nhHPpp14Bs5EJ2H7WaP5t4qAcBrSqwJoHOMSX7J0K2HKFTGFxH7vv_svJBa1IoPfq64VhgW1dSJfoBl2HeTsY9ME9NLkMc53THvjZstCyufhjoqwL8FnH5AIoj4CCkT4TSn6D8pbBmzXwru2O9F9GJIrbsshUmc0WjLfMvQ5QYYMHNV5DvmA/w640-h360/41more%20river.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3lG7zL-EyP7SHGcHE6OZzHuxPL-Y0DiG-1Jp7c3_UzXe5dWHWprG0WM4ubnYLawMnhuZ4qoOFdHas0eVVdiuu99G2iHmqLn5AgqVQATy_PF6nMpe-ABj1PCk_7nmaJ51lKUS7nzVMyuDvhJ9SIjPBtjs5SUKveQyQvZfrz8Qs6M5L7-UncR-Dhuoscto/s4352/32The%20River.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3lG7zL-EyP7SHGcHE6OZzHuxPL-Y0DiG-1Jp7c3_UzXe5dWHWprG0WM4ubnYLawMnhuZ4qoOFdHas0eVVdiuu99G2iHmqLn5AgqVQATy_PF6nMpe-ABj1PCk_7nmaJ51lKUS7nzVMyuDvhJ9SIjPBtjs5SUKveQyQvZfrz8Qs6M5L7-UncR-Dhuoscto/w640-h360/32The%20River.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">And swinging around to look out over the river gorge beyond the Sanup:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrzCWj07JPJJP-LFdHN-dqno7itrPb_2_ZDvygi6w7VljXbu1tRJWm5hIP2aaSD-kGA_7iyoq8ncefslYhzJOkWYh_nvHE0uMrsjgyoSUL7udnwKGzSBN8e3IAq6t4HnlgsGgUIWk5uB14_pqA8lDamTrVsWhlJXegQ3uZXZ4528CTSDrSaP3sE4rVUHk/s4352/57divide%20Pearce%20to%20right.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrzCWj07JPJJP-LFdHN-dqno7itrPb_2_ZDvygi6w7VljXbu1tRJWm5hIP2aaSD-kGA_7iyoq8ncefslYhzJOkWYh_nvHE0uMrsjgyoSUL7udnwKGzSBN8e3IAq6t4HnlgsGgUIWk5uB14_pqA8lDamTrVsWhlJXegQ3uZXZ4528CTSDrSaP3sE4rVUHk/w360-h640/57divide%20Pearce%20to%20right.JPG" width="360" /></a></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">A look back to the east:<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7VTG731Ah83h_uKwZqT6vDP5kjgpfJ6ChYm-6mpBjvf7l_rZwo88RMw4fcuUGNt8MpJN9Q-BtMRykDAmaf3uHbxmqmfWhfHsoP6fi9gCZ1vd_UmEQdctbYxNM0EAFyu5Cqbaph8XJxaUr0hdidu8ePnrrrFJl_DHM51fbeceZl0ZtMPPOI4LqrQxw4u8/s4352/52east%20at%20end.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7VTG731Ah83h_uKwZqT6vDP5kjgpfJ6ChYm-6mpBjvf7l_rZwo88RMw4fcuUGNt8MpJN9Q-BtMRykDAmaf3uHbxmqmfWhfHsoP6fi9gCZ1vd_UmEQdctbYxNM0EAFyu5Cqbaph8XJxaUr0hdidu8ePnrrrFJl_DHM51fbeceZl0ZtMPPOI4LqrQxw4u8/w360-h640/52east%20at%20end.JPG" width="360" /></a></div></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">And over the Sanup again, above the divide with Pearce:</span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0hVO_VvFhTqJ0sYde3927Mz9e8IehylgQs5dN11rt0ni55e1vG084QZegtwELgqNQqxItygzu52qasJwil9-RqFDZ3nHTPXH_s_hiAnBoBqI_f9zMkj-3KiumWa2bBwKRUMYYE0nvgAVCCxxqyetBXwm25gRCMgFkF7TKlCCxA8jMC2JsxJSdD-PoGpA/s4352/55down%20to%20divide.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0hVO_VvFhTqJ0sYde3927Mz9e8IehylgQs5dN11rt0ni55e1vG084QZegtwELgqNQqxItygzu52qasJwil9-RqFDZ3nHTPXH_s_hiAnBoBqI_f9zMkj-3KiumWa2bBwKRUMYYE0nvgAVCCxxqyetBXwm25gRCMgFkF7TKlCCxA8jMC2JsxJSdD-PoGpA/w360-h640/55down%20to%20divide.JPG" width="360" /></a></div></span><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The Kaibab cliffs, and the wonderful colors of the Hermit:</span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXeVZpNKEW7cd3tkFJ24Wa9ekH18LBDRIo9yXUF55Ffv34nMcZJB8GSPLC0Cb7sxbKK_NKkhBrk9j1a4SMS5k5IyyCSRMVEnhk-nunsAgDXsHaXOxDjIs2UyjMjSMAOciE1MtHtXm78NE-xFlm4zBtraAmzfJfYe5Lle-r_7QaUkJiz2e2RwnxTnLG-Ng/s4352/45Sanup%20view%20to%20cliffs.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4352" data-original-width="2448" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXeVZpNKEW7cd3tkFJ24Wa9ekH18LBDRIo9yXUF55Ffv34nMcZJB8GSPLC0Cb7sxbKK_NKkhBrk9j1a4SMS5k5IyyCSRMVEnhk-nunsAgDXsHaXOxDjIs2UyjMjSMAOciE1MtHtXm78NE-xFlm4zBtraAmzfJfYe5Lle-r_7QaUkJiz2e2RwnxTnLG-Ng/w360-h640/45Sanup%20view%20to%20cliffs.JPG" width="360" /></a></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Yes, it was brushy both ways, with some uphill. However,</span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDaCbCXTHly7-1qsfxbzWsWTdHqgn7RYRz37d7DWGtFHBTYPeCKzj07nH6_1CApB4rO3MqzL2H8JwW5QTiv2ilTgXA34sJDL2v6UJnm3oDms0rvdkFoRww9xawvYxa-F2wwMYHB1-S9R_2aNSBOD50tpM336zOBzYiUJGeTdW-dhaCtGtHpiIeSLi2Tzo/s4352/56brushing%20back.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: arial; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDaCbCXTHly7-1qsfxbzWsWTdHqgn7RYRz37d7DWGtFHBTYPeCKzj07nH6_1CApB4rO3MqzL2H8JwW5QTiv2ilTgXA34sJDL2v6UJnm3oDms0rvdkFoRww9xawvYxa-F2wwMYHB1-S9R_2aNSBOD50tpM336zOBzYiUJGeTdW-dhaCtGtHpiIeSLi2Tzo/w640-h360/56brushing%20back.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">A well stocked supply of drink and food awaited.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6HQ92wrA9HmWmxcKKFA0X3gyN31l30XiYQkV3PKEDDhfPlkmsdeK31Kv47ERsBzeq8ovKzeP7LW3NHGtiljklp7j1sjzL0-PkUNtvsIDezvhW0r56ew5jbiFYfiX-BaIhdN6pycGedMYMVRG58PNiaUPbdGBXa38GnYj5qoi5zbsec4ivxppEarDbeVs/s4352/04equipage.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2448" data-original-width="4352" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6HQ92wrA9HmWmxcKKFA0X3gyN31l30XiYQkV3PKEDDhfPlkmsdeK31Kv47ERsBzeq8ovKzeP7LW3NHGtiljklp7j1sjzL0-PkUNtvsIDezvhW0r56ew5jbiFYfiX-BaIhdN6pycGedMYMVRG58PNiaUPbdGBXa38GnYj5qoi5zbsec4ivxppEarDbeVs/w640-h360/04equipage.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-73911458108927063092023-10-23T13:35:00.001-07:002023-10-29T14:13:07.549-07:00Exploring the Grand Canyon's West End<p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">EXPLORING THE GRAND CANYON’S WEST END</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Finally, after a number of tries, I was enabled by friends and favorable circumstances </span><span style="text-align: left;">to travel to the Grand Canyon’s far west end and visit its Westernmost High Point (WHP).</span></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNgFZrJ9vSTiNMhQYQnmxUKc88Pe1rBYpx0p57fk8tGmPv764rYtb_1x2MAneNZGi2VXXeb97rk4ijPozeAhCwxOchzGQ3M6T32EYWpQNKbX8hC7miK7rmFaxsBVlCAJkX06B9KXr642TCCWL7VleLaAyBAuUp1A96oGTlDjGBpNv6dEZ-jRLqm0IBzIE/s1759/WHP%20and%20Snap%20to%20grapevine.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="1759" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNgFZrJ9vSTiNMhQYQnmxUKc88Pe1rBYpx0p57fk8tGmPv764rYtb_1x2MAneNZGi2VXXeb97rk4ijPozeAhCwxOchzGQ3M6T32EYWpQNKbX8hC7miK7rmFaxsBVlCAJkX06B9KXr642TCCWL7VleLaAyBAuUp1A96oGTlDjGBpNv6dEZ-jRLqm0IBzIE/w640-h302/WHP%20and%20Snap%20to%20grapevine.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">The WHP is </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">a thin,well-shaped projection (point, peninsula) that is the last piece of </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">the Canyon’s upper rim plateaus. It is on the right here, marked </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"><span style="color: red;">WHP</span>.</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> Its high point is at the southern-pointing end, with the red arrow running down, and marked vividly by </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">the red Hermit Formation below. Due west, and sitting on the big bend of the Colorado, River Mile <span style="color: red;">277</span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> marks the defined and topographic end of the Grand Canyon. Here is a striking view of the southern piece of the WHP vividly set amidst the Hermit shale:</span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsgrv4BP1RRErLAL1RJFZu7kEmR5qOzckwUNMwxpvGUKjKGAFs7M2IbphTTYWdxcmkHTRiXVPYAqOMgPKgKgZb0Ur5428KBBkSsCglc_z5rVr9v9uc3OeMEG-BvzpbhQ2ZMfPQw6w5uyyJTs-x2GW9CGOv3x6X_LEQSLAHy4cmHJO1V3w3whedIbJxS7Q/s1451/WHP%20amidst%20Hermit%20.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1451" height="352" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsgrv4BP1RRErLAL1RJFZu7kEmR5qOzckwUNMwxpvGUKjKGAFs7M2IbphTTYWdxcmkHTRiXVPYAqOMgPKgKgZb0Ur5428KBBkSsCglc_z5rVr9v9uc3OeMEG-BvzpbhQ2ZMfPQw6w5uyyJTs-x2GW9CGOv3x6X_LEQSLAHy4cmHJO1V3w3whedIbJxS7Q/w640-h352/WHP%20amidst%20Hermit%20.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">[The boundary of the Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP) is another story, since at about R.M. <span style="color: red;">277</span> (see next map), it (pink) turns north to </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">P</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">earce Canyon, and then goes east to </span><span style="color: red; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">S</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">nap Point -- both of these features are north of the Grand Canyon.] </span><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue;"><br /></span><div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">BACK UP; GET CONTEXT!</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The great plateaus around much of the 277-mile-long Canyon provide the viewing platforms for the overwhelming majority of visitors. Here is a regional view from the always-useful AAA Indian Country map. Our trip's starting point, Flagstaff, is off the map at the lower right. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBp9M0PDbLs85SDqQTgbVXxQKdl6P969WIcWhHv6buBizJT9eKF0J_Xx_eX6JoBB4_GZx339-zbsfsPdHCbuL3HPT0rWtuxvdeGoHmgVR3PGy28B44o5wxrYlBa3k6AM0_bxSXRpMIL0nFg1Vsh-vDR-RqoieHf8qfKRruZmUH70PGTtoN-IT-VQvbXhI/s1871/aaa%20indian%20country%20with%20route%20around.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1332" data-original-width="1871" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBp9M0PDbLs85SDqQTgbVXxQKdl6P969WIcWhHv6buBizJT9eKF0J_Xx_eX6JoBB4_GZx339-zbsfsPdHCbuL3HPT0rWtuxvdeGoHmgVR3PGy28B44o5wxrYlBa3k6AM0_bxSXRpMIL0nFg1Vsh-vDR-RqoieHf8qfKRruZmUH70PGTtoN-IT-VQvbXhI/w640-h456/aaa%20indian%20country%20with%20route%20around.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Driving north to go over upper Marble Gorge, then along the state line, then south from Utah on unpaved roads took us down across the Arizona Strip to the Canyon's Western High Point (<span style="color: #2b00fe;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(43, 0, 254);"><b>X</b></span></span>). It is about 3 miles south of Snap Point, which marks GCNP's legal boundary but is not itself in the Grand Canyon. </p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"> </p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">As a point most remote to get to, the WHP is hardly one of the normal views. Seeing into the Canyon from it required, in addition to that day’s long drive, 2-3 miles of brushy, near-wild walk south from the road. This month, October 2023, the CIMR WHP exploration expedition achieved that goal, including the photos shown in part 2, the next blog entry.* </p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">*CIMR group comprised these I will be ever grateful to: Hazel Clark and Tom Martin, Missy Rigg.</p></span></div><span><a name='more'></a></span><div><br /><div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">F</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">rom the WHP, a</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> trekker can find a route off the rim to clamber down and go west, across the flattish plateau of the Sanup -- pronounced SUE-nupp and referring to pinyon sap (thanks to Daniel Bulletts of the Southern Paiute Kaibab band), though here, "cursed blackbrush" might be more fitting. The goal is the <span style="color: red;">277</span> topographic end of the Canyon as recognized by the U.S. Board of Geographic Names. Staying south near the rim of the main gorge across the Sanup over to its west edge will keep the traveler within the physical, topographic Grand Canyon all the way</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">. Finding a route down to river level from the Sanup rim appears (on the Googlemap above</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">-- I have only been able to do map-play</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">) a nice piece of route-finding. However,</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> the Googlemap and on the rclark geologic map indicate a more dramatic end-of-Canyon detail, nicely found and emphasized by two heights on north and south sides, connected here by my blue line.</span></div><div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeOK-FikXVa5eZCZhMqcFRMtUl8YYQ738_Y6IKDFKo7JhfO48AeKaaQtWsHMd9HPT1WGH4v5WNcNX_h5d2KePmFMaRCkU9Y5eeHUNzLZreUgTfe7mI0wjJlWPLQN-AY9dLYPV1pqjicm7QJEa4otLXJjVa3TF7B6trSSzpI8Us5J_31hiiPz_nxcvjDQs/s2806/End-of-Canyon%20on%20line%20between%20two%20buttes%20of%20GC%20geology.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1666" data-original-width="2806" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeOK-FikXVa5eZCZhMqcFRMtUl8YYQ738_Y6IKDFKo7JhfO48AeKaaQtWsHMd9HPT1WGH4v5WNcNX_h5d2KePmFMaRCkU9Y5eeHUNzLZreUgTfe7mI0wjJlWPLQN-AY9dLYPV1pqjicm7QJEa4otLXJjVa3TF7B6trSSzpI8Us5J_31hiiPz_nxcvjDQs/s320/End-of-Canyon%20on%20line%20between%20two%20buttes%20of%20GC%20geology.png" width="320" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> Fittingly, these buttes are Muav Limestone above Bright Angel Shale slopes:</span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2_8PHnUmdZG3pkfiDATM3u9CmDiNavPXaG_Xr8UHtnAXHJZ712bs3LEBwp1KWjbIW1zjPCMT5hQZ3cEdFMVEoCridaRq9RkguivQroWcMBDXunPCMuB3ATaoudBlpWG5usyzEJwjAw0S6L8y5C5gV8Eg3spx8_Blg99vP4VOMMoELAKUOmv_LgKaPgA/s2344/close-up%20End%20of%20Canyon%20~277%20river%20miles%20with%20line%20betwee%20two%20GC%20geology%20buttes.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1586" data-original-width="2344" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH2_8PHnUmdZG3pkfiDATM3u9CmDiNavPXaG_Xr8UHtnAXHJZ712bs3LEBwp1KWjbIW1zjPCMT5hQZ3cEdFMVEoCridaRq9RkguivQroWcMBDXunPCMuB3ATaoudBlpWG5usyzEJwjAw0S6L8y5C5gV8Eg3spx8_Blg99vP4VOMMoELAKUOmv_LgKaPgA/s320/close-up%20End%20of%20Canyon%20~277%20river%20miles%20with%20line%20betwee%20two%20GC%20geology%20buttes.png" width="320" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">Also fitting would be to denominate the two buttes as, maybe, "Paiute Persons Waving Goodbye" -- in Kaivavich (do I have that right?) of course. And I want to repeat what I urged in an earlier blog entry -- that the WHP be given an honorable, respectful Southern Paiute name as a significant topographic and geologic marker. Today the WHP bears a near-insulting label "Fort Garrett Point". This refers to a stone-piled-on-stone low ruin of a shack down in Pearce Canyon, not even in the Grand Canyon. The military suggestion is totally inappropriate; Garrett was a sometime cowboy/prospector, not at all unusual for the rootless of the West. The name first appeared on a USGS 7-1/2' quad dated 1971. Grazing was ended in this area in the 1980's; prospecting by GCNP enlargement.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">Of course, the end-of-Canyon landmark itself deserves more emphasis than it gets now. It is not even clear that the feat of walking the Canyon beginning-to-end follows the Canyon itself in this, remote, western finale. River trippers have to; They might wish to have a spot to wave goodbye --and Thanks! -- themselves.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">BACK UP AGAIN: SOME CLARIFICATIONS</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Some of my definitions: </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There is the Grand Canyon, period, stop. Or as I will often say: the Canyon.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Then there is Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP), pink on the AAA map above. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And its cousin, Grand Canyon - Parashant National Monument (GCPNM); orange, northwest of the Park, though only the southeastern half is in the Grand Canyon. the upper part drains out west to the Basin and Range, into Lake Mead.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">More relations: the Kanab Creek Wilderness, the brand-new Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni National Monument, the plain old North Kaibab Ranger District -- damaged yet worth recovering, the Navajo Tribal Parks for the Little Colorado and Marble Canyon, and lands in the Hualapai, Havasupai, and Southern Paiute Kaibab Band Reservations.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Is a list of such political designations clarifying? Truly, it points to a big, complicated chunk of the history of the western United States. Fortunately, the proclamation of our newest Monument, Baaj Nwaavjo, — its three pieces outlined in red on the official map— </p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG0SqShinGumjjqTRrcyuQjD8FDc2nbynebFd39vFAjq9j9mM3i8gB7qAj3uIhmHPeHlmXECDLpMidI3lrNE-kI6c1QTgdgw-t0EwoZb1qT0VkKuRqkRy7uyr4YiD6xttZTtyCxIuEoI2i03S1eqggFR8lx9EETQ8zRFT07BoT4EymK72-PtzJAJ5hpCQ/s1526/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1526" data-original-width="1216" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG0SqShinGumjjqTRrcyuQjD8FDc2nbynebFd39vFAjq9j9mM3i8gB7qAj3uIhmHPeHlmXECDLpMidI3lrNE-kI6c1QTgdgw-t0EwoZb1qT0VkKuRqkRy7uyr4YiD6xttZTtyCxIuEoI2i03S1eqggFR8lx9EETQ8zRFT07BoT4EymK72-PtzJAJ5hpCQ/w510-h640/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" width="510" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">brings all these pieces of history into focus in its English translation: "where indigenous peoples roam" and "our ancestral footprints" and then beyond in its promise that these footprints lead into the, a better, future for those peoples</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> with ties into "the Grand Canyon, period, stop”, i.e.,the Associated Tribes of the Grand Canyon. </span>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">That is: The Grand Canyon is the physical, topographic, geological place bounded by the divides of the drainages that flow into the Colorado between the Canyon’s beginning (junction with the Paria River) and end, “River Mile 277” near the exit line drawn between the two "Buttes Waving Goodbye”. </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">That physical (and conceptual and emotional) entity was, by the proclamation of Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni National Monument, enlarged and embraced in spirt, by being nestled within and enhanced by the Associated Tribes, shown here. </p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6L_zAl6eO9yRwHdd8vySxQYkin33r17rsHu1gFg29ssnI3aenKQ2evNdEKw9LWm8Qr1pFb83OKFoBbRlkj9BGrmsEDKesFJaxCqH0rP6C6ukamiBuiR0noS3MtVj4TVSB95UzHm75g4vLyrhRySHPDGLBjjndFWKEIGj_qiJgeYiLjqU-LXm9ajeXdUc/s1564/Associated%20Tribes%20map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="920" data-original-width="1564" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6L_zAl6eO9yRwHdd8vySxQYkin33r17rsHu1gFg29ssnI3aenKQ2evNdEKw9LWm8Qr1pFb83OKFoBbRlkj9BGrmsEDKesFJaxCqH0rP6C6ukamiBuiR0noS3MtVj4TVSB95UzHm75g4vLyrhRySHPDGLBjjndFWKEIGj_qiJgeYiLjqU-LXm9ajeXdUc/w640-h376/Associated%20Tribes%20map.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">Altogether, though seemingly political designations, this confluence of entities and peoples have created what we can now recognize as the <b><u>Greater Grand Canyon</u></b>.</span><br /><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p></div></div></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-48814629568208270262023-09-17T10:48:00.000-07:002023-09-17T10:48:06.596-07:00WE HAVE COME FAR -- WE ARE ON THE WAY<p><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">THE GREATER GRAND CANYON’S POLITICAL HISTORY:</span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">A PERSONAL REPRISE</span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">With the proclamation by President Biden of Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni National Monument on August 8, 2023, our recognition of the Grand Canyon has widened once again, this time the resulting physical and human dimensons justify a new label: Greater Grand Canyon.</span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Greater in part because of its further reaching out to cover its watershed; greater because in the Monument name and its Associated Tribes, it recognizes its original and continuing peoples, its future in their, and our, hands.</span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">This essay (in 4 more parts; this is the preface) is offered as a very personal, even idiosyncratic, historical guide to our efforts at an ever widening and deepening conceptual reach that seeks to comprehend the Grand Canyon as a place, a home for its peoples, and the knowledge and experience represented and embodied in its synthesis of topography, residents, and advocates. </span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span><span style="font-family: arial;">Our goal is shown in two maps (they appear in the fourth part) that</span></span><span style="font-family: arial;"> embrace the designations and regard we all hold the Greater Grand Canyon in; how it encompasses its place and people.</span></span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-79750843229654165342023-09-17T10:38:00.000-07:002023-09-17T10:38:03.033-07:00 FIRST PART: START-UPS AND MISFIRES<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue;">HERE COME NEW NEIGHBORS; SO GOES THE NEIGHBORHOOD</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In American political terms, the Greater Grand Canyon started in the early 1880’s, in 1881/3, when the Hualapai Reservation was created. Simultaneously, the strange creation known as the Havasupai Reservation was declared, beginning a 90-some-year drama of broken promises, inflicted difficulties, Havasupai perseverance, and political conflict.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Almost immediately, this birthing time also produced the 1884 introduction in the U. S. Senate of John Wesley Powell’s idea for a Grand Canyon National Park, which though large in excess plateau acreage actually encompassed but a fraction of the Canyon’s 277-mile length, ignoring the wonders of its beginning and central and western regions. The Powell version of the Park settled into another 90-year mis-recognition — facetiously put, he and most visitors epitomized the Grand Canyon, the one they saw, as The Big Gully. This is was to be a site of much future conflict.</p>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The failure of that Park concept to move forward did not discourage Powell and his Senate ally, Benjamin Harrison, and their initiative blossomed into another oddity in 1893 when, now elevated to the Presidency, Harrison gave Powell’s concept governmental recognition as Grand Can(with a ~)on Forest Reserve, of all things. Whatever the soon-created Forest Service thought of their new responsibility (they did not like it), they added officialdom’s difficulties to the Havasupai’s trying to continue their traditional life on plateau lands — not included in their Reservation — already heavily impacted by the livestock brought in by newly arrived ranchers.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Meanwhile, much publicity and promotion, much tourism and facilities for it, were stimulated by the coming of the Santa Fe railroad, across the region, then with a spur to the Canyon edge. The railroad was symbolic, and a champion, of the Idea of development for touring at the Canyon, and for a National Park itself. This was doubly useful for the railroad since to figure out suitable boundaries would require that the checkerboard land sections granted the railroad and impacting the Canyon could be traded out— advantageously. The Hualapai benefitted, too, if less advantageously, from wage work along the railroad line, the first of many uses from which they have sought to make their Reservation an economic base. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">T.R. AND HIS GREAT BIG STICK</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This first decade of the 20th century, Theodore Roosevelt’s Presidency, was a vigorous time for the new Conservation view of public lands. T.R. visited the south rim viewpoint, using the Santa Fe, and gave that endlessly quotable speech. However, for the next several years he only recommended a Park and took no action.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Another shift in the public land law gave T. R. a new chance. A conservationist congressional stalwart authored a bill that gave the President power to set aside, as protected Monuments, “objects of historic or scientific interest”. Conceptually, these were first thought of as little sites; ruins, a handsome butte, a forest grove. This Antiquities Act spoke of setting aside the “smallest area compatible with proper care and management” of the object. But oh!, said T.R., that describes the Grand Canyon, and he withdrew for protection and "public interest" much of the Great Gully he had seen a view of. His grand new tool enshrined the Powell conception of the Grand Canyon, while enhancing land protection in general. (My take is, that given the <b>real</b> dimensions of the Canyon, T.R.’s “smallest” area should have been two or three times larger for “proper care and management”. But that was to take an entire century.) Congress and Roosevelt also declared a big game preserve for the Kaibab Plateau, north of the Great Gully. Pretty toothless as far as big cats, etc. went; cows and bison have benefitted. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And although it was blind to the Canyon’s peoples, a proposal that came close to matching the Canyon’s topography was floated—and drowned—in 1910: The American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society and Canyoneer F. Dellenbaugh laid a 4.5-million-acre plan before President Taft. He had visited the Canyon, ridden a mule down, and admired the Gully, but bowed to his bureacrats’ horror at something so outlandish. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Was it? Here is an 1873 map Powell worked on, made by G. Wheeler from the Ives Survey: </p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzBl4XF3IumCCih1wxr2gOHIe_i4rU961Io3dvxGiMVwRYv5FsrghCJx548qKJkLzCiTpe---QDOXwWIHpkQZyHXXJFQsJQyAkM0NxRZk-_50Rot8A6oeZ5TxF7D6AhJmOKBztTu-Z8uOcDaFr2iWVsGcc1S0qC7ngLpDOkfnXvH62fc9HC_Adb6P5XVE/s5095/GC%201873%20Wheeler%20w:%2008%20NM.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3022" data-original-width="5095" height="380" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzBl4XF3IumCCih1wxr2gOHIe_i4rU961Io3dvxGiMVwRYv5FsrghCJx548qKJkLzCiTpe---QDOXwWIHpkQZyHXXJFQsJQyAkM0NxRZk-_50Rot8A6oeZ5TxF7D6AhJmOKBztTu-Z8uOcDaFr2iWVsGcc1S0qC7ngLpDOkfnXvH62fc9HC_Adb6P5XVE/w640-h380/GC%201873%20Wheeler%20w:%2008%20NM.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">Only 11 years later, Powell’s conception of the Grand Canyon had narrowed and he limited his Park idea to that central Great Gully. Was he overawed? If so, it was infectious. For 80 years, most other proposals stuck to the Gully, including T.R.’s audacious creation of the 1908 National Monument, outlined by the blue line. (The 1910 ASHPS proposal was the only exception, taking in most of this map.)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">That Monument, however, was a fact on the ground, and along with the entry of Arizona into statehood 1914) and the entry of Carl Hayden (long-time — 58 years!— protector of the interests of a certain segment of Arizona’s populace) into Congress, concentrated the mind of those interested in exploiting the Canyon. The Monument supposedly froze up and locked out any development. The solution, in Hayden’s view, was a Grand Canyon National Park Act that would keep it open to tourist developments, railroads, reclamation projects, mining, et al. — though maybe no overt logging or grazing. The negotiations (always centered on the Gully) over boundaries and provisions took a few years, but in 1919, President Wilson signed the Grand Canyon National Park into existence, still the same concept as Powell’s 35 years before. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">WHOSE PARK?</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Not so happy a moment for the Havasupai, who went from being surrounded by Forest to being surrounded by Park. The change turned out to be bitter rather than better. Hayden actually inquired about their situation, but not from the Havasupai, and even the accurate advice he got, he ignored. Indeed, for most of the rest of his time in Congress, Hayden showed interest, made promises, and stiffed the Havasupai almost (one small exception) every time. Fortunately for his reputation, the Park Service in the Canyon had such bad relations with the Havasupai that nobody noticed how the quiet power from Phoenix squelched any attempt to “steal land and give it to the Indian”. Not until 1972, with Hayden all gone, could the Havasupai story change—no thanks to the Park Service, the Forest Service, and yours truly and his Park-defending allies. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">But back to the 1910’s. That most afflicted of all Indian peoples of the Grand Canyon, the bands of the Southern Paiute, -- reduced in numbers by disease, crowding out and loss of water sources, slavery, and general indifference by the new owners, Saints, and masters of their lands north of the Grand Canyon -- were recognized by the federal government as worthy of a reservation. Located in on their territory's edge, the Kaibab band settled there in 1913 and 1917. A quiet presence, though spread across far more territory than just northern Arizona, some of their language survives as names in the area. Their knowledge and memories can only benefit the 21st century's new conceptual expression of the Greater Grand Canyon. Not only does their Reservation, like the Navajo and Havasupai, abut a Monument unit, but the Kaibab are partnered with the National Park Service in the presentation and running of Pipe Spring National Monument, appropriately. More widely now, their footsteps can be recalled by a much greater naming and plaque-ing effort in the Park and the Arizona Strip, the backcountry hinterland of and approaches to the Canyon itself. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Grand Canyon National Park: 1919. Followed by Park Service (NPS) discontent and perhaps, land greed by its managers. Even the Park Service’s first director, Steven Mather, was afflicted. The anomaly of the Park being created as, and out of, a National Forest resulted in the Kaibab Plateau being set up as its own Forest. Mather wanted it, and its huge deer herd, for their tourism values. He proposed a President’s Forest for the Kaibab. Dead at birth, the idea mixed in with other Park “needs”: adjust the boundary in the southwest, add more to the west, get some of that Forest into the Park, get rid of the remote and Navajo sheep-ridden piece north of the Little Colorado and east of the main river. The result was a fix-it Act in 1927, over which Hayden presided, moderating any Forest-Park dispute. No change in vision; the Big Gully was good enough for Powell, the world could also be satisfied (and would be for 40+ years). </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Meanwhile, on the main Canyon’s eastern side and rim, there was significant activity. Navajo expansion west, livestock and all, was recognized by executive orders going over to the Colorado River; quite a change from Bosque Redondo. Then, when the NPS Superintendent declared he did not want the Park's northeast corner bounded by the two rivers, new law gave to the Navajo; they became the recognized land-owners of the eastern Grand Canyon down to the Little Colorado, as well as of much of the latter’s canyon. by 1930.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">NAVAJO AND HUALAPAI: MORE SECURITY</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Navajo Reservation was still felt by Hayden to need a firmer legislative hand; there were land claims and counterclaims on it, and lots of the dominant society’s meddling. So he set to work to normalize the Reservation in 1934 by engineering a boundary Act that on the west side performed the neat trick of making a clean, clear, western boundary for the Navajo along the shore of the Colorado and Little Colorado...</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> And then taking it away so only Arizona could benefit should a dam be built in that stretch. (He looked ahead, did Hayden.)...</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> And then giving it back to the Navajo...</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> And then allowing it to be taken again. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So confused is the Act's word-play that even today, the lawyers of the Interior Department think the east side of the Grand Canyon is in the Park above the River shore up to an extinguished, irrelevant, indeterminate line. Others, like the Park Service Cartographer, erroneously think the Park goes up to the rim! Maps over the years still reflect these confusions. In the real world, what they are is a white-man land grab using bureaucratic lawyerly tools.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> One can hope that the Greater Grand Canyon spirit of the new 2023 Monument will lead Interior, even blushing, to fix this nasty piece of business and get the Navajo Reservation boundary put formally and without confusion on the eastern shore of the Colorado River where the law says it belongs. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This pre-World War II period did bring an uncontested victory for the Hualapai. In an effort founded and run by themselves (with white lawyers necessary counsel), they confronted, not just Hayden but the whole Indian-affairs bureaucracy, and refused to let their million-acre reservation be split in half, with the Santa Fe walking off with a totally unnecessary bonus for their behavior over the previous century. Carried to the Supreme Court, the Santa Fe claimed it had ownership of half the land from its 1840’s land grant. The Hualapai said it was their land and never surrendered or forfeit. The Supreme Court endorsed the Hualapai position in 1941, assuring them of the complete Reservation. another significant victory in Canyon history.</p><div><br /></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-91377836027285071502023-09-17T10:35:00.001-07:002023-09-17T10:35:33.346-07:00SECOND PART: 1966: THE HINGE OF ALL HINGE YEARS<p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">OUT OF A NIGHTMARE, NEW GROWTH</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;">Fortunately for the Grand Canyon — the Greater Grand Canyon— fortunately I insist, the Hualapai’s next big effort, allied with Hayden (and a bunch of Western politicos) their next effort did not bring victory. This effort, did, however, act as a huge hinge in history: of the Canyon, its overall region, the American west, and society at large. That hinge was, of course, the monumental struggle over whether to authorize and build two hydroelectric dams in the Grand Canyon, a move that would have continued, ratified, indeed intensified, 20th-century over-development of the West, and turned the Greater Grand Canyon into the Grand Canyon National Industrial Park.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This is not the place to re-narrate that struggle; the dreamers of dams were defeated; the dams were not authorized. America chose instead to “Save Grand Canyon” and possibly itself as marked by the consequent burgeoning of our environmental consciousness. The outcome of this larger effort, comprehending and dealing with the consequences (e.g., negative climate alteration and weather unpredictability) of this Anthropocene age of ours, is yet to be known. The story of the Greater Grand Canyon is only one, if a singularly significant one, strand of the many that humans are weaving to make our future, for better and worse.</p>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In 1966, for us advocates of a dam-free Grand Canyon, it was battle-time, and the banner we chose to fight under was:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">No to any dams.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Yes to a complete Grand Canyon National Park. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Fifteen years earlier, there had been a similar struggle over building a dam in Dinosaur National Monument. Defined as a save-our-Park-System effort, it was successful. Yet, the narrow definition of the matter at issue, left out other stretches of the Colorado River landscape; most importantly, most tragically, Glen Canyon, that loveliest sculptured place only a few (not me, sob) were ever able to see free and clear. The damming and drowning of Glen Canyon delivered a world-view-altering change in how defenders of the scenic masterpiece called the American West set their goals. No more, just save the Parks; now it was “save the place”: “Save Grand Canyon”, all 277 miles, from damming. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The significance of 1966 is two-fold: it saw the best effort of the would-be dammers, and they failed. It saw the birth of a continuing effort to create a complete National Park, the effort marked and celebrated in the proclamation 57 years later of Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni National Monument. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">O.K. <i>Mea culpa, mea culpa</i>. When in March 1966, Martin Litton and I were set to work by David Brower (Executive Director of the Sierra Club, a leader of the anti-dam forces) to come up with a positive statement, above and beyond “No to dams”, we drafted a congressional bill for a COMPLETE PARK that included lands that did not belong to us white folks, namely, in the Hualapai and Navajo Reservations. Here is that creation: It is worse than it appears.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBlh_v8hKb6z-aPyzH4BCwxQ3XIvNcIODQ5VECQKYjXpusn2bAQuucAJboz5HFCtwM_B3J4QjfN7XW4-e7bIlsxoOP_eIQjs7Wj1JsCbq-acf5aesMeuAJ0FuJWsxPPNwO91UCDhRlGy1GvBHh3_8n5-4zETce-8zN_k_WKo3YSB6N7ydF1Gr5ro2q3FI/s1600/SCMAP1966.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1027" data-original-width="1600" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBlh_v8hKb6z-aPyzH4BCwxQ3XIvNcIODQ5VECQKYjXpusn2bAQuucAJboz5HFCtwM_B3J4QjfN7XW4-e7bIlsxoOP_eIQjs7Wj1JsCbq-acf5aesMeuAJ0FuJWsxPPNwO91UCDhRlGy1GvBHh3_8n5-4zETce-8zN_k_WKo3YSB6N7ydF1Gr5ro2q3FI/w640-h410/SCMAP1966.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Section 2, Lake Mead, actually includes the swath, the northern third, of the Hualapai Reservation south of the Colorado. The Havasupai are not even noted, and lands they hoped to have restored to their jurisdiction were marked for the Park. The Navajo portion includes taking away Marble Canyon and beyond. Interestingly, the loudest howls came from Arizona hunters, who saw including portions of the Kaibab Game Reserve as poaching on their sacred ground.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Bills including this aggrandizing Park were introduced in the House of Representatives, and amid a fury of opposition and scorn, sank, lessons for us newbies to Grand Canyon politics on the limits of what we might even just conceive. So, take this as a historical footnote: Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni N.M., in its own conception by the Associated Tribes lands and rights, propounds a Greater Grand Canyon of more extensive inclusiveness (but not shifts of ownership) than even that “complete” National Park of 1966.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Fast on our drafting feet, we drew up a new map and proposal for (as) complete (as it can be) Grand Canyon National Park. We drew up this more modest attempt with no Reservation lands, and grounded desirable additions as delineating the 277 miles of the Colorado mainstem and lands that were its local drainage, that is, most of the side canyons and chunks of the plateaus they were dug into. Here’s my sketch from 1967:</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdU6YXmwu_56eXl4-C_gUp3SBwF9rAsde8ZgSim1JmQpt-OS8vY14OHIjbECpC_hAv3C8V_ptWBfe6t9yE-liyYXNb4XbCIa6JBK3euR9HB_PCEMa4cpSmPQLIgdtVEdeB0HU4JWhbUSdK0EwckkNSs6zWV7KHPSVv3p5olxT4-ebSYcNp52IEt21kL9s/s2120/1967%20my%20sketch.jpeg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1608" data-original-width="2120" height="486" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdU6YXmwu_56eXl4-C_gUp3SBwF9rAsde8ZgSim1JmQpt-OS8vY14OHIjbECpC_hAv3C8V_ptWBfe6t9yE-liyYXNb4XbCIa6JBK3euR9HB_PCEMa4cpSmPQLIgdtVEdeB0HU4JWhbUSdK0EwckkNSs6zWV7KHPSVv3p5olxT4-ebSYcNp52IEt21kL9s/w640-h486/1967%20my%20sketch.jpeg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">And by 1969, cleaned up into the following map (our upside-down turkey), we had found a sponsor, the admirable Republican from New Jersey, Senator Clifford Case, who was very fond of the Priestley quote about "every federal official should be proud to be on the staff of the Grand Canyon" (from <i>Midnight on the Desert</i>). </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYbCZAHFR9xcNs2etMKADL72gZDnmHkJcrBBzEQ8iuWJLJIuFdFxd737OE5zVjyLgrdDJYAcwu4dQdaY-b5VKrYyO1wiA36djGWp0wGcIXhxFIoWlR9dDfn2V7LeEJs5IFzbuulUKcKxW6wrp8MHOhuGA42tW_9Ue5ASux9m5pvDivLR4nr60nEzRzBqY/s1057/case%20map%201969.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="795" data-original-width="1057" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYbCZAHFR9xcNs2etMKADL72gZDnmHkJcrBBzEQ8iuWJLJIuFdFxd737OE5zVjyLgrdDJYAcwu4dQdaY-b5VKrYyO1wiA36djGWp0wGcIXhxFIoWlR9dDfn2V7LeEJs5IFzbuulUKcKxW6wrp8MHOhuGA42tW_9Ue5ASux9m5pvDivLR4nr60nEzRzBqY/w640-h482/case%20map%201969.png" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">We now included only the west side of Marble Canyon (later we dropped the Paria, leaving only its junction; Paria river had a different future), the mainstem, lower Kanab and Cataract-Havasu Canyons (<i>pace</i> Havasupai, your time approaches), the Whitmore-Parashant Esplanade and canyons, the Kanab and Shivwits Plateaus, and the strange little wattle at the end, about which more elsewhere.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">With the dam fight done, this was to shape our offering in the coming congressional effort to protect and enlarge Grand Canyon National Park. However, the door swinging on this great 1966 hinge opened on far more than a Park.</p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-87180491300319751912023-09-17T10:32:00.001-07:002023-09-17T10:33:24.873-07:00 THIRD PART: AND NOW TO WORK: BUILD A PARK — AND A HAVASUPAI RESERVATION<p><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"> MAKING SAUSAGE IN CONGRESS' FACTORY</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So in the 1966-72 period, we had struggled to trim and revise our Park conception to represent “complete” and not transgress against important interests. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">At this same time, there were a variety of other proposals, and after the 1968 elections, when Barry Goldwater (another Republican fond of the Grand Canyon) replaced the retired Hayden, he vowed to move legislation forward that would expand the Park, in part to protect it against dams. His leadership would be seconded, then almost taken over by Morris Udall, who became our chief ally. Ironically, as a southern Arizonan and would-be dam-builder in the ’60’s, he had been, like Goldwater, our opponent . </p>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Meanwhile, as Johnson was leaving the Presidency in January 1969, he approved Stewart Udall’s proposal to set Marble Canyon up as a National Monument. Once, this would have been a bold anti-dam move. However, the dam was dead, and given the momentum for Park enlargement, it was just a gesture. Worse, it had sad consequences since the Monument boundary grabbed Navajo land, leaving a vague Monument line that continues to confuse relationships to this day. This bureaucratic land grab, totally indefensible, should have disappeared when that Monument was abolished by Park enlargement.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Navajo were active on their own, on the one hand, opposing a dam in Marble Canyon; on the other, creating two Tribal Parks, one for the Little Colorado, and the other running north along Marble Canyon and its hinterland. Their Park regulations were a model for avoiding degradation.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Senator Goldwater was not a tenderfoot; he had held the office before. In the 1950’s he had introduced for the Park Service a Park bill that fussed with a few Canyon bits. It went nowhere. Now, the impediment of dams was gone and Park enlargement was feasible. (Indeed that had been an impediment in past decades for those Park Service visionaries, like Roger Toll and Edward McKee, who in the 1930-40’s knew what a magnificent section of the Grand Canyon the western area was. In the face of that time's assumption that dams were an accepted national goal, they could not argue the case as we could in 1966. The same had been true for Glen Canyon, but in that case, no Park was even conceivable in the face of pro-dam sentiment.)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the 1970's legislative machine, Goldwater, not a law-making craftsman, fumbled. That gave us, working with Udall, the chance to create a very pro-Park bill -- our moment of glory. And not just Park advocates. Even more significantly, after 80+ years of false promises and inhibitory treatment, the Havasupai had gotten Goldwater's ear, and with Hayden gone, he listened and heard. Moreover, the Republican Representative from northern Arizona, Sam Steiger, was already sympathetic to the Havasupai cause, which took the form of asking Congress to remove a couple hundred thousand acres from the Park and the adjoining Kaibab National Forest and repatriate these choice pieces of the Grand Canyon to the Havasupai’s long-denied ownership. Looking back, this was the Havasupai's hinge swinging Grand Canyon affairs open to their future. Fortunately, after the Goldwater fumble, they had found their own skilled legislative carpenter, a Phoenix lawyer named Joe Sparks.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Although Udall had started out, like us, fobbing off the Havasupai claim, Sparks and the Havasupai, in a dramatic meeting, convinced Udall of the justice and necessity of getting their land returned, and he re-structured the Park bill into a Park + Reservation enlargement effort. Udall then led passage of the bill through the House of Representatives. This altered situation was befogged a little because at that time, the Hualapai, allied with Phoenix power and other interests, still wanted to see a dam built. The Navajo, meanwhile, took little part, and Goldwater grabbed for their part of Marble Canyon. Resolving this complex of desires, including our defeat by Arizona hunters and Republicans, occupied the period 1974, ending in the Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act of 1975. I have told that dramatic story in detail elsewhere, and those familiar with it will agree that a better title would be the Grand Canyon National Park and Havasupai Reservation Enlargement Act.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">For my history here of setting the scene for the unveiling of the Greater Grand Canyon, the Enlargement Act’s first worthy note is that the Havasupai gained their goal, land repatriated to them for a larger, plateau-based Reservation, along with privileges on adjoining land that stayed in the Park. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> Second, Grand Canyon National Park was extended to include all of its river and main canyon including Marble Canyon (west side) and a significant spread of the northwestern Canyon (moved out of Lake Mead National Recreation Area).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> Third, the Hualapai dam idea was further discredited, and with changes in leadership the Hualapai have re-oriented toward the riches of tourism. It's worthwhile to remember Fred Mahone, a leader in the Hualapai land case, who in the 1930’s developed and put forward a plan for Hualapai Reservation recreation development based on Lake Mead. He was ignored. This too is an indicator of how the concept of the Greater Grand Canyon developed, with fits and starts, over a half century of individual inspiration and political maneuvering. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Even more significant is the fourth worthy result of the 1975 Act, section 6 that “authorizes and encourages” the Secretary of the Interior to have the Park cooperate with adjacent tribes and agencies in pursuit of greater recognition and protection of the Grand Canyon in its entirety. One time this was tried, a Core Team of leaders of the Hualapai and Park & Lake Mead NPS met several times a year, 2000-4, for detailed discussion on river managment issues. Given its success, this short-lived effort deserves to be revived, and used as a model to deal with other substantive matters..</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Thus, out of the controversies of 1966-75, we can look back and see the need to face down threats and protect resources, but also a ground-laying for the appearance of strengthened participation that took the form of the Associated Tribes. Most significantly, the Havasupai celebrated their victory as they prepared an official Land Use Plan. The Enlargement Act had many cautions and checks to protect the Park and Havasupai environment, and the latter have shaped their reservation to fit those as well as their own goals and practices. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">THE 80’S: DOWN TIME</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">American politics has not just been the story of unblemished progress for the Grand Canyon, as the election of Ronald Reagan and his appointment of a Secretary of the Interior who hated all that the Canyon means, made too clear. For instance, the Park Enlargement Act ordered a study for a Grand Canyon Wilderness. Successfully accomplished by the Park Service in 1976, the results were endorsed by the President, then got suffocated in a bureaucratic drawer. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> Commercial over-exploitation of the river intensified, blessed by the new Secretary.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> Another Act section called attention to the growing problem of airplane noise; the 80’s saw the problem grow worse and further degradation was legislated for the lower Canyon.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> An Adjacent Lands Study mandated by the Act was conducted showing that there were substantial Park-worthy lands in the Canyon’s northwest. It was shelved in the 1980’s, but frightened the Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management enough that they moved one section of this eminently Park ground through the process of becoming the Kanab Creek Wilderness in 1984. The irony for the uses of Wilderness is apparent.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Overall, into the 1990’s, the 1975 Act marked some closures of long-existing issues. Quiet descended. I took a leave of absence. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">A (TOO-)BIG EXPANSION: 2000</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Then in 1998, the Canyon’s advocates came roaring back. Bruce Babbitt, a very different Interior Secretary, one with substantial personal knowledge and affection for the Canyon, resurrected positive ideas from the Adjacent Lands report, and basing his proposal on the 1968 concept of the Grand Canyon’s drainage, sent forth a balloon for a fourth Grand Canyon Antiquities Act Monument, to comprise the northwestern areas: upper Toroweap, the Uinkarets, Whitmore and Parashant-Andrus Canyons, and the often-neglected (though not by ranchers and hunters) Shivwits Plateau. He held heavily attended, highly opinionated, public meetings in Flagstaff and Colorado City. Gathering his forces, with President Clinton behind him, Babbitt prepared a Park-type “as complete as it can be” recognition for this Grand Canyon - Parashant National Monument. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Entanglements intervened. At a meeting with colleagues from his pre-Secretary days when the Grand Canyon Trust was formed, he was lobbied to use this opportunity to benefit wildlife needs including rewilding-and-wildlife-corridor concepts. He agreed and doubled the acreage going off into the northwest over the Grand Wash Cliffs. Although the name stayed the same, this addition, which can stand on its own conceptual feet, distorted the Monument with 500,000 acres that are not only NOT part of the Grand Canyon (greater or not) but drain off west into the Basin and Range of Lake Mead. </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Puzzled by this discombobulating extension, I interviewed two of the three participants at the decisive meeting, but the resulting fog gave no light. I also tried to find and talk to aides and others involved in the great effort Babbitt and Clinton were making for land recognition and protection. Silence. So there that bloated creation sits, more a memorial to the problems of power and secrecy than public enlightenment. </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The fix, from the Grand Canyon, the Greater Grand Canyon, point-of-view, is simple. Take the name “Grand Canyon - Parashant” literally, and draw a dividing line along the Parashant drainage boundary. Then set up the northwestern area as a Grand Wash Cliffs Wildlife National Monument. On this map, I have left that northwest non-piece of the Grand Canyon untouched, while decorating the Canyon's parts. Southeast of the double blue line, and further marked by purple diagonals are lands integral to the Grand Canyon; The Toroweap, Whitmore, Parashant and Shivwits drainages.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1652" data-original-width="1275" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9c3va0vrM4Geg7h7TWvC4ntjFvswRjK0H60UCznDT5cf9wGVil8spXbKcr_ZU53dqOra4KGFCZjJt5b1aOb32sGiOJUGc_Iye2DjLK07Tx1BATPUFU2OAGuu-JhDHH834DGew099PWQx0V4skAaq5ahDlzmbljL0iKXtz_w6I6G_CXe-KJgDh3y4uAag/w494-h640/GC-PNM%20map%202012%20divided.jpg" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 238); color: #0000ee; text-align: center; text-decoration: underline;" width="494" /> </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">There was another consequence of the Babbitt moves. He was firm in not putting the lands under the Canyon's NPS administration, but leaving them under Lake Mead NPS and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) administration, hoping that a new Landscape Admiration tilt would lift the latter agency into a more public, less exploitative, orientation. (This choice denied the National Park Service the role of providing a unified administration and presentation of the Grand Canyon lands north of the Colorado River.) Sadly, as we learned, Babbitt could hardly control what would happen to BLM in succeeding administrations. I draw a curtain over that tale, to move to a new champion of the Grand Canyon, vigorous and with a new outlook.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-38173795425053305822023-09-17T10:30:00.000-07:002023-09-17T10:30:43.325-07:00 FOURTH PART: THE 21ST CENTURY CREATES A NEW, GREATER CONCEPTION<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">NEW LEADERS, NEW INITIATIVES, </span>A NEW MONUMENT</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">For the 21st Century, southern Arizona has produced another Grand Canyon champion In the environmental tradition of Morris Udall: Raul Grijalva. (One who was never a dreamer of dams.) He appeared on the Grand Canyon scene in 2009 as he chaired a Flagstaff hearing about the dangers from quickening uranium-mining activity in the area. There was mutual support with the residents, the Havasupai, Navajo, Hualapai, Hopi, Kaibab band of the Southern Paiute — indeed with the several peoples who make up the Grand Canyon’s Associated Tribes. Their concern arose from the many destructive human and natural impacts shown by earlier uranium exploitation, especially what uranium might do to the water supply. This concern, widened to protection of the WATERSHED, not just the drainage, shaped the concern of this alliance. </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Over the past 15 years, the advantage in this struggle has gone back and forth with national partisan changes in Washington. Monuments and moratoriums have been pursued and blocked. Lets skip, then, to August 8, 2023, and what is clearly a new, bright, moment; a re-setting of the Grand Canyon’s political framework, the Antiquities Act proclamation (Grand Canyon’s fifth) of new protection, bringing the public national recognition of the Greater Grand Canyon. </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">President Biden, with Congressman Grijalva and the Associated Tribes in attendance and support, brought 150 years of history to a culmination point that is in truth another hinge to open a new door. The proclamation of Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni National Monument selects and designates three pieces of federal land, as outlined in red:</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuuu1kBN741bwgveGhIYNsNq965lSNaiWoe_Tn50msur35HMdoqg3aS215BraI2ch3tgzc7j7zfkcRgR2rConDWgLfFMj_TCKpgpWXrRt5su4GRpGD2TIt3dlj9OXKYpZOs1jQ3soAbW5cQWG_98gIK-b516bGU8BTKM9zJAUbMSbSgDyT_l1pmXyZrHk/s1526/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1526" data-original-width="1216" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjuuu1kBN741bwgveGhIYNsNq965lSNaiWoe_Tn50msur35HMdoqg3aS215BraI2ch3tgzc7j7zfkcRgR2rConDWgLfFMj_TCKpgpWXrRt5su4GRpGD2TIt3dlj9OXKYpZOs1jQ3soAbW5cQWG_98gIK-b516bGU8BTKM9zJAUbMSbSgDyT_l1pmXyZrHk/w510-h640/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" width="510" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">Even more, clear on the map below, this Greater Grand Canyon completes an embrace of the topographic Canyon using the Associated Tribes' hands from time immemorial to wrap about, raising a physical, topographic wonder into a global entity celebrating and defending the peoples and the place of the Greater Grand Canyon. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0p5Hz87itOqw5vRhy-9TEQUDnioah4b-xmnk_qW7_8XaA7IG4w5qO6MIpT7eyGru9gOF12Xia8Nph1dcjhCBkInPzmHj-Fe_BkOtAcUWlbvPgqTxdUWSJXDLCkXhqwheYa-FUxAbjx3ZkEYFWFuCvOlh9xoHuYvEgyfLsr7oKgL4w0D3CsFFLT179Dlk/s1588/new%20AAA%20flat%20with%20outline.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1212" data-original-width="1588" height="488" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0p5Hz87itOqw5vRhy-9TEQUDnioah4b-xmnk_qW7_8XaA7IG4w5qO6MIpT7eyGru9gOF12Xia8Nph1dcjhCBkInPzmHj-Fe_BkOtAcUWlbvPgqTxdUWSJXDLCkXhqwheYa-FUxAbjx3ZkEYFWFuCvOlh9xoHuYvEgyfLsr7oKgL4w0D3CsFFLT179Dlk/w640-h488/new%20AAA%20flat%20with%20outline.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Here is another view of the Associated Tribes of the Greater Grand Canyon that constitute a cloud of knowingness, experience, and concern encompassing the physical feature now enlarged not just beyond the Powell concept and a "complete" Park, but outward toward this world treasure's natural boundaries.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK5uVRfpOppHvZSP2kTu83CgMom87zP-RdbAGi8iy7l5CWVPhBz2kMYWIQ-n7FxHYZ8NArZOvqTBrbdvSFmIOYIkhUeBENmJ-2lxH2t1paKiDS7Nwfabr8EA3WszrgY3kES-Wvth-tJqdGsbuOIwHZ0F3OZPrPKBOQZTdemZOsywW48CtKRcuBELIxeL4/s1564/Associated%20Tribes%20map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="920" data-original-width="1564" height="376" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiK5uVRfpOppHvZSP2kTu83CgMom87zP-RdbAGi8iy7l5CWVPhBz2kMYWIQ-n7FxHYZ8NArZOvqTBrbdvSFmIOYIkhUeBENmJ-2lxH2t1paKiDS7Nwfabr8EA3WszrgY3kES-Wvth-tJqdGsbuOIwHZ0F3OZPrPKBOQZTdemZOsywW48CtKRcuBELIxeL4/w640-h376/Associated%20Tribes%20map.png" width="640" /></a></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Some —the Hualapai, the Havasupai, the Navajo, the Southern Paiute, the Hopi — are physical protectors and even residents. What brings the Greater Grand Canyon into being, however, is the synergy and cooperation generated by the topographic Grand Canyon nestling within the protections offered by the American polity and the knowledge of the Associated Tribes: their long extension — their footprints — into the past; their possession in many forms of these lands they have roamed now and into the future.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">For above all, the coming into existence of the Greater Grand Canyon, is the promise of bringing that future cooperatively into being, based on the past of the many peoples who revere the Canyon as the global environmental icon it is, the reminder and provoker for us to redouble, and again, our efforts to shape our future actions so as to protect our world, our environment, our earth, and our coming generations’ future.</p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-45179737909234907032023-09-14T14:26:00.000-07:002023-09-14T14:26:15.545-07:00Greater Grand Canyon:A Convergence<p style="text-align: left;"><br /></p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bTlCwvPMfPato4PltM-Cj1G4ec5BOKITZQ0JWNMYEj9y36BBpS0DRLOdME-45dLnqkIxfb80wMFU99nzYFWnkVpMJLpSLQ3OubCFJ-QV9rTxMgBNiiSCh-dsXXFoWx6rEBnvYmZQEeEw_IIb61LLkk1fEfYgOkAtykltM72NbSV60n4Sb1dHA5uvCt0/s1825/AAA%20Greater%20GC%20areas.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1169" data-original-width="1825" height="447" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bTlCwvPMfPato4PltM-Cj1G4ec5BOKITZQ0JWNMYEj9y36BBpS0DRLOdME-45dLnqkIxfb80wMFU99nzYFWnkVpMJLpSLQ3OubCFJ-QV9rTxMgBNiiSCh-dsXXFoWx6rEBnvYmZQEeEw_IIb61LLkk1fEfYgOkAtykltM72NbSV60n4Sb1dHA5uvCt0/w663-h447/AAA%20Greater%20GC%20areas.jpg" width="663" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">The Grand Canyon's pieces embraced.</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Written out of the land and its peoples onto a map,</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A map of human designations and times:</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Baaj Nwaavjo I'tah Kukveni</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">where indigenous, the first, peoples roam;</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">their ancestral footprints:</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Out of the past, gathering all the world's;</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Into the Greater Grand Canyon,</span></p><p style="font-family: -webkit-standard;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">So into the future.</span></p></span><p></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-16216430696811172572023-07-28T13:42:00.004-07:002023-09-17T10:51:09.288-07:00 IS THE SKY CRACKING OPEN?<p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">ARE THE GRAND CANYON’S TWO WORLDS JOINING?</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">WILL THE CANYON’S OWNERS DO A GROUP HUG?</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-style: normal;">Hopi, Havasupai, Hualapai, Navajo, Kaibab & San Juan bands of the Southern Paiute, and Colorado River Tribes leaders spoke at a joint press conference April 11 2023 supporting the Presidential proclamation of <span style="background-color: white;">Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni </span>National Monument </span><span style="font-style: normal;">(bahj nuwavah Etahku’uvaini </span><span style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>dulcemente</i></span><span style="font-style: normal;">).</span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">U S Rep Raul Grijalva placed this revised proposal on the Washington agenda as the latest of his, the tribes’, and their allies, long-continuing effort to protect the Grand Canyon watershed and to ban and exclude any chance for more harm to the Canyon’s peoples from uranium and efforts to exploit it. Certainly, at a subsequent July 2023 hearing open to all comers, the overwhelming preponderance of people’s hopes and opinions supported Monument creation.</span></p><span style="font-size: large;">
<span><a name='more'></a></span></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Monument would be on lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management and the National Forest Service (USFS). On a map (below), such a Monument (red outlining), along with the uniquely related Kaibab Plateau (USFS-administered) and the nations of the Navajo, Havasupai & Hualapai, hug as in a protective embrace the eastern half of the Grand Canyon (and its) National Park.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw1dIaktFV8v2qMUXEF5BoAnJ1jfLGguJ_hohtrEjJqkq2dW-j5RWNyLW5fK_85KVP_diBNEyiLwwm5ChcCysWW-_ctCJb-Pm5B8PKDH3_vbeoRXChWN2P0ITNM0brwovH3maMHe8EeQj0NYD-ZCCPQ_sVb53xohTMIkyltbV9hmNw9vV1TKHuQIiDR_s/s1526/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-size: large;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1526" data-original-width="1216" height="764" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw1dIaktFV8v2qMUXEF5BoAnJ1jfLGguJ_hohtrEjJqkq2dW-j5RWNyLW5fK_85KVP_diBNEyiLwwm5ChcCysWW-_ctCJb-Pm5B8PKDH3_vbeoRXChWN2P0ITNM0brwovH3maMHe8EeQj0NYD-ZCCPQ_sVb53xohTMIkyltbV9hmNw9vV1TKHuQIiDR_s/w664-h764/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" width="664" /></span></a></div><p></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Fifty years ago, the Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act gave this charge to the Secretary of the Interior:</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">“Sec. 5. The Secretary is authorized and encouraged to enter into cooperative agreements … with interested Indian tribes providing for the protection and interpretation of the Grand Canyon in its entirety.”</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Secretary was authorized to work with the tribes toward the goal of a unified interpretation of the Grand Canyon, a sensible and necessary step given that the Navajo, Havasupai, and Hualapai, with the Park, are the land-owners of the Canyon’s east and south sides. </span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">If that were all the recent story about the Grand Canyon, much cooperation and joint projects might have constituted the story’s content. History is dicier.</span></p><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Although direction of the Monument will depend on the text of the proclamation, it is refreshing to think of the future of the Canyon’s administration as one of cooperation, joint and reciprocal benefit, comprehensive explication and presentation of the Canyon and all its facets including the multitude of opportunities to physically enjoy and explore it.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span>There is so much history to subsume if the Monument is to be more than a barrier to resource exploitation. </span><span>The absence of Park Service officials was obvious.</span><span> For all the Canyon’s over-seers, the challenge to work for beneficial cooperation means great change.</span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">For those of us who think of the Grand Canyon as an iconic gesture of the natural world, as a universal and continuing reminder of that world as necessary for human existence and thriving, we will wish for and work at of the possibility that the cartographic mutual embrace might be expressed in the Monument’s realization as the frame for users and owners (as we think of ourselves too often) to reciprocally work for unifying, even friend-making, gestures and actions.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-55199254578907046452023-07-26T12:51:00.011-07:002023-07-28T11:47:20.135-07:00Grijalva's Monument: Protecting the Grand Canyon <p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>March 28, 2009:</b> Congressman Raul Grijalva (D-Ariz), chairs a hearing by the House of Representatives Committee on Natural Resources in Flagstaff. The subject: the 2008 rash of uranium speculation leading to feverish “prospecting” on public lands north and south of the Grand Canyon and its National Park.</p><span></span><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Grijalva was then head of the Subcommittee on Parks, Forests, and Public Lands. Representing southern Arizona (former base of Stewart & Morris Udall, also environmentally aware on a national scale). Grijalva immersed himself deeply in issues before the Natural Resources Committee, and so was a legitimate leader who could speak out about the Grand Canyon, located in northern Arizona as it is. (Though the parochialism of "not in your district" seems a dubious objection given a national treasure, the Grand Canyon, a national resource, uranium, and international corporations, the miners.)</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The hearing opened with panels of official representatives from the Navajo, Kaibab Paiute, Havasupai, Hualapai, and Hopi, all opposed to the prospecting.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> The Navajo have a large, difficult, and tragic history with uranium, including from the Lost Orphan mine on the South Rim. They had outlawed uranium mining activity in April 2005.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> The other tribal leaders spoke of uranium as a resource bringing too much danger, as well as the endless episodic seduction efforts by outsider miner/speculators—a kind of harassment given that most efforts are just for publicity. The Hualapai although they too have a mining ban, had recently been approached by mining speculators. They reaffirmed their ban in September 2009.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> The Havasupai had had their own face-off with miners in the early 1990's; now the threat had revived.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"> The Southern Paiute were witness to attempts in the upper Kanab area at making uranium pay, attempts that closed down but remain as scarring reminders.</p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 21px;"><br /></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 18px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><b>Now, in 2023, after a decade-and-a-half of agitation, continuing lobbying, partial success and reversal, Representative Grijalva is once again leading a united and widely acclaimed effort for national protection in the Grand Canyon region.</b></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;">Tribal leaders joined state lawmakers Tuesday, April 11 2023, calling on President Joe Biden to join nine previous Presidents acting on Grand Canyon’s behalf. The attempt this time would use the Antiquities Act to set aside more than 1.1 million acres around the Grand Canyon. (The map is on the next page.)</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;">Environmental groups and a dozen tribes in the region say the proposed<b><u> Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon </u></b><a href="https://democrats-naturalresources.house.gov/imo/media/doc/2023.04.11%20Fact%20Sheet_BNIK%20Grand%20Canyon%20NM.pdf"><span style="color: #012381;"><b>National Monumen</b>t</span></a> is needed to protect the area’s water, wildlife, sacred spaces and ancestral homelands from uranium mining and other projects.</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;">In an associated post, I have excerpted some of the local news reports on the tremendously well-attended meeting in Flagstaff on July 18 held by involved agencies. Since then news reports continue to demonstrate that this time may have the needed momentum of an environmentally friendly President.</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;">Efforts to demonstrate the Grand Canyon’s magic continue. <span style="font-size: 17.6px;">All are invited to join. </span><span style="font-size: 17.6px;">Go on line and ask President Biden to add his name to the illustrious list of Grand Canyon’s protectors.</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 17.6px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span></span></p><a name='more'></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtLOjbNB2wz0cPh5Foh3xNVZ20uA56bwFYsgvEoFi7XrvCECZVIYfsB2895xO2YQrdWmpP3CjF4neQhzHn0tqxV5F_oJsP3720f53sE8LjtaqvmZY7NL6EMHEBDQwb4Tb7-ZYyqOubc5GB7PNvfbXfLA9RTBPO4mDsAXsxYyVt6owe7QmMi-EwB6--uAE/s1526/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1526" data-original-width="1216" height="872" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtLOjbNB2wz0cPh5Foh3xNVZ20uA56bwFYsgvEoFi7XrvCECZVIYfsB2895xO2YQrdWmpP3CjF4neQhzHn0tqxV5F_oJsP3720f53sE8LjtaqvmZY7NL6EMHEBDQwb4Tb7-ZYyqOubc5GB7PNvfbXfLA9RTBPO4mDsAXsxYyVt6owe7QmMi-EwB6--uAE/w670-h872/BNEKNM%20map%20in%20doc.png" width="670" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-size: 17.6px;"><br /></span><p></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-65943637621208329122023-07-26T11:24:00.010-07:002023-07-26T11:36:47.198-07:00Some media reports of July hearing on Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument<p><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"> The Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service have held a meeting on a proposed national monument near the Grand Canyon.</span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Among other things, the proposed 1.1 million-acre Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument would make permanent a <a href="https://democrats-naturalresources.house.gov/imo/media/doc/baaj_nwaavjo_itah_kukveni_grand_canyon_national_monument.pdf"><span style="color: #165da0;">20-year moratorium</span></a> on mining already in place for the area.</span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The name is made of Havasupai and Hopi phrases meaning, respectively, “where our ancestors roamed” and “our footsteps,” said Stuart L.T. Chavez, a former tribal council member for the Havasupai. The Havasupai is one of about a dozen tribes in a <a href="https://democrats-naturalresources.house.gov/media/media-advisories/media-advisory-grijalva-sen-sinema-to-join-tribes-in-call-for-potus-to-designate-baaj-nwaavjo-itah-kukveni-grand-canyon-national-monument"><span style="color: #165da0;">coalition</span></a> pushing for the designation.</span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“It's not going to just be the Havasupai alone,” he said. “This is a protection for the environment for everyone to be conscientious about and understand that it's for their protection and the future generations’ protection.”</span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Chavez and others are especially concerned about uranium mining.<span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><p></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The proposal has faced some pushback, with a Mohave County supervisor recently <a href="https://www.mohavedailynews.com/news/public-comment-sought-on-proposed-grand-canyon-national-monument/article_9ca974e8-2015-11ee-bc88-2b0b0d779378.html"><span style="color: #165da0;">saying</span></a> it would have negative economic impacts.</span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The BLM and Forest Service are meeting in Flagstaff Tuesday afternoon, and several high-ranking officials – including BLM Director Tracy Stone-Manning – will be on hand. The meeting will take place from 1 to 4 p.m. at the DoubleTree on Route 66.</span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Those who are unable to attend can email comments on the proposal to <a href="mailto:OIEA@ios.doi.gov"><span style="color: #165da0;">OIEA@ios.doi.gov</span></a> or mail them to the BLM’s <a href="https://blmsolar.anl.gov/contact/"><span style="color: #165da0;">Arizona State Office</span></a> in Phoenix within a week of the meeting.</span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">This story was produced by the Mountain West News Bureau, a collaboration between Wyoming Public Media, Nevada Public Radio, Boise State Public Radio in Idaho, KUNR in Nevada, KUNC in Colorado and KANW in New Mexico, </span></p>
<p style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 30px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Public debate held over proposed Grand Canyon National Monument</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The meeting was held in response to tribal leaders Biden to use the Antiquities Act to create the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument. </span></p><p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #f0f6fb; font-family: arial; font-size: large;">"In the room with more than 200 people who attended the meeting, most were in favor of the monument designation." </span></p>
<ul><li style="font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size: large;">FLAGSTAFF, Ariz. — A vocal majority of about 200 people attending a public meeting Tuesday in Flagstaff expressed support for protecting large swaths of land near the Grand Canyon from mining and outside developers.</span></span></div></li></ul>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The meeting, hosted by the U.S. Department of Interior, was held in response to tribal leaders urging Pres. Biden to use the Antiquities Act to create the <a href="https://www.12news.com/article/news/regional/native-america/tribal-grand-canyon-national-monument/75-ffa51f04-123c-4925-b335-dc38ea184f30"><span style="color: #0b4997;">Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument</span></a>.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">It would set protection standards for 1.1 million acres of land north and south of Grand Canyon National Park. It would also designate 12 indigenous tribes associated with the canyon to help oversee the protected land.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“Everyone in this room has a shared love of our public lands. Everyone in this room wants to take care of them,” said Tracy Stone-Manning, the director of the Bureau of Land Management during the meeting. “The rub of that is the ‘how.’ There are always, always, always lots of opinions as to how.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 21.1px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Widespread support for national monument</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“As guardians of the Grand Canyon, we have a duty to protect it,” said Edmond Tilousi, the vice chairman of the Havasupai Tribe. Several tribal leaders discussed why the Grand Canyon and the Colorado River have spiritual, historic, and cultural meaning for their people.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Supporters of the move include Arizona Sens. Kyrsten Sinema and Mark Kelly, Rep. Raul Grijalva, Rep. Ruben Gallego and city councils representing Flagstaff and Payson.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Joe Trudeau, a Prescott ecologist, drove to Flagstaff Monday morning to provide his 2-minute speech.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“I hope you will make the dream of our native neighbors a reality,” Trudeau said, adding that he also hopes federal officials will extend the protected area.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“My work has taken me to 20 national forests. The north Kaibab retains most of the best remaining old-growthmeanings ponderosa pine forests in the southwest. They must be protected in some manner as well,” Trudeau said.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 21.1px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Gosar, ranchers opposed to plan, want more details</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Several ranchers from the Arizona-Utah border expressed concern the move is an overreaction by the federal government. They worry they will lose stewardship of federal lands leased for grazing or lose water rights.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“The move represents the Biden administration’s latest massive land grab and would be devastating to Mohave County,” said a representative of Congressman Paul Gosar.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Chris Heaton, a 6th generation rancher near Kanab, Utah, said a map of the proposal suggests he would lose private land. 12News was unable to confirm whether that would be a possibility.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Heaton also told the audience that as a rancher, he maintains several wells and 33 ponds that benefit wildlife.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“If we don’t manage those water resources, there’s no wildlife,” Heaton said. “The big game hunting that provides thousands of jobs and millions into the economy would go away. Ranchers maintain it.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Representatives of outdoor sports companies and the executive director of the Arizona Game and Fish Department also spoke at the meeting and expressed support for the plan. They said the designation would help protect waters and lands for fish and animals.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 21.1px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The controversy over uranium mining</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Uranium is a metal that exists naturally in the earth. It fuels nuclear power plants, runs nuclear reactors in naval ships and submarines, and is involved in production of medical, industrial and military products. Miners extract uranium from open pits and underground.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Contact with uranium is associated with Cancer risks. The topic is especially sensitive to the Navajo Nation where uranium mining during the Cold War poisoned soil, water and rocks, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Supporters of uranium mining in northern Arizona say extraction methods used today would not pose contamination risks as they did decades ago. There was also debate Monday about whether the proposed national monument, several miles from the Grand Canyon at its nearest point, would do anything to prevent contamination of the Colorado River watershed.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">According to the World Nuclear Association, about two-thirds of the world’s production of uranium comes from mines in Kazakhstan, Canada and Australia. The U.S. imports nearly all of its uranium. Advocates of uranium mining in the U.S. say it is a national security issue.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">=========cronkite news</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">‘We cannot continue to scar Mother Earth’: Public shows support for proposed monument near Grand Canyon</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #dbdada; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #012381; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><a href="https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/people/ashley-lay/"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Ashley Lay</span></a></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">/Cronkite News</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">July 19, 2023</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #797979; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Nearly 200 people attend a meeting to discuss the proposed national monument near the Grand Canyon in Flagstaff on July 18, 2023. (Photo by <a href="https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/people/ashley-lay/"><span style="color: #012381;">Ashley Lay</span></a>/Cronkite News)</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">FLAGSTAFF – Dozens of community members, tribal leaders and state officials gathered in Flagstaff on Tuesday to show their support for a proposed national monument around the Grand Canyon, saying the designation could protect natural and cultural resources.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service, which would manage the monument, hosted its first meeting to listen and gather public opinion on the proposal.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“I have one mouth and two ears. I plan to use them accordingly because we really, really do want to hear from you,” Homer Wilkes, under secretary for Natural Resources and Environment at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, told the crowd.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><img alt="pastedGraphic_3.png" src="blob:https://www.blogger.com/eb7415d4-ba8e-4458-9767-227bc53e72c5" /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #797979; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The proposed <a href="https://grijalva.house.gov/interior-secretary-haaland-commits-to-visiting-tribes-proposed-baaj-nwaavjo-itah-kukveni-grand-canyon-national-monument-area/"><span style="color: #012381;">Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument</span></a> would include more than 1.1 million acres in three areas of land adjacent to Grand Canyon National Park. (Map courtesy of Grand Canyon Trust)</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The proposal asks President Joe Biden to designate more than 1.1 million acres as a national monument under the Antiquities Act of 1906, which allows presidents to set aside lands to protect cultural or natural resources.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The proposed <a href="https://grijalva.house.gov/interior-secretary-haaland-commits-to-visiting-tribes-proposed-baaj-nwaavjo-itah-kukveni-grand-canyon-national-monument-area/"><span style="color: #012381;">Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument</span></a> would include three areas of federal public land adjacent to Grand Canyon National Park and would prevent any further uranium mining in the protected area.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Several tribes in the Grand Canyon Tribal Coalition have ancestral ties to the canyon and honor it as a sacred place with natural landmarks and cultural ties. The coalition consists of 12 tribes and is leading the proposal for a new monument.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Tribal members expressed concern for plants, wildlife and water impacted by uranium mining.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“We cannot continue to scar Mother Earth,” Havasupai Vice Chairman Edmond Tilousi said. “The threat of contaminating our water is real and current. The pure water that flows through Havasupai Village is under constant attack by uranium mining.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Tilousi said protecting the land is his duty to his children and future generations. He also mentioned that once Colorado River water is “dirtied by the mining of uranium, it will never be the same again.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">There are 598 active mining claims in the proposed monument area and one active uranium mine in a meadow below Red Butte Mountain and roughly 10 miles from the rim of the Grand Canyon, according to Keep It Grand AZ, which has a <a href="https://keepitgrandaz.org/"><span style="color: #012381;">petition</span></a> to support the monument.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Nearly 200 people showed up at Tuesday’s gathering in a show of support. Many people wore matching blue T-shirts that read “Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument.” Other people stood outside with signs asking for protection of the land.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #797979; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Many people wore matching blue T-shirts that read “Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument ” to a public meeting to discuss the proposed national monument near the Grand Canyon. (Photo by <a href="https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/people/ashley-lay/"><span style="color: #012381;">Ashley Lay</span></a>/Cronkite News)</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">However, critics who oppose the creation of the national monument said mining for uranium helps the economy.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“The move represents the Biden administration’s latest massive land grab and would be devastating to Mohave County,” said Penny Pew, a representative of Congressman Paul Gosar, R-Bullhead City. “The proposal was never coordinated with Mohave County officials, whose community will be permanently changed by this designation.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The crowd loudly booed the statement.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In April, Mohave County Supervisor Buster Johnson told <a href="https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2023/04/11/tribal-leaders-lawmakers-want-new-1-1-million-acre-monument-in-arizona/"><span style="color: #012381;">Cronkite News</span></a> that uranium mining could be worth billions of dollars to the region’s economy, and historically has kept communities afloat.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0a0a0a; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">RELATED STORY</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #012381; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: #efefef; color: #012381; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2023/04/11/tribal-leaders-lawmakers-want-new-1-1-million-acre-monument-in-arizona/"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Tribal leaders, lawmakers want new 1.1 million acre monument in Arizona</span></a></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“In the mining industry, they pay well. We’ve had some communities that, when they put the moratorium in, the men had to leave,” Johnson said. “The families deteriorated because the men weren’t around … schools closed. Jobs just aren’t there and communities went under.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Also on Tuesday, Arizona Sens. Mark Kelly and Kyrsten Sinema and Congressman Raúl Grijalva released an announcement saying they introduced the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument Act. The legislation outlines details and “directs the specifics of the formation and management” of the monument, according to a news release. The bill was not available by the time of publication.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Biden recently created two national monuments under the Antiquities Act of 1906. The Avi Kwa Ame National Monument is located in southern Nevada. The Castner Range National Monument is in northern El Paso, Texas.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In its proposal, the Grand Canyon Tribal Coalition outlined that visitors would still be able to continue to hike, bike, camp and enjoy the landscape within the monument.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Ben Stewart, who was at the meeting on Sinema’s behalf, told the crowd the next step would be to establish national funding for the monument.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">=========knau</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 40px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Federal agencies hear from tribal leaders and residents about proposed national monument at Grand Canyon</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">KNAU News Talk - Arizona Public Radio | By <a href="https://www.knau.org/people/ryan-heinsius"><span style="color: #186ab6;">Ryan Heinsius</span></a></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Published July 19, 2023 at 2:38 PM MST</span></p>
<ul>
<li style="color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: white; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"><span style="font-family: arial;"> </span></span></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #535353; font-family: arial;">Ryan Heinsius/KNAU</span></span></li></ul>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #535353; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #636363; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Havasupai Tribal Council member Dianna Sue White Dove Uqualla spoke in favor of the designation of the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument at a public meeting in Flagstaff on July 18, 2023. Bureau of Land Management Director Tracy Stone-Manning and other federal agency leaders listened to the nearly four hours of comments, mostly from supporters and some opponents, of the proposal to protect 1.1 million acres of U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management land adjacent to Grand Canyon National Park.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">On Tuesday federal officials hosted a public meeting in Flagstaff over a proposed national monument near the Grand Canyon. Supporters for years have advocated for added protections on more than a million acres of public land.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Tribal members, conservationists, elected leaders and others voiced their support of the proposed Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument. The tribally driven effort would make a moratorium on new uranium mining claims in the area permanent and protect sacred sites and water resources. Leaders from nearly a dozen local tribes spoke in favor of the plan.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“It’s a coalition that sees the real need to protect this area from a holistic, spiritual standpoint. This is coming from our elders and those that came before them,” Hopi Chairman Timothy Nuvangyaoma told KNAU.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Supporters want President Joe Biden to make the monument declaration through the Antiquities Act.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">But several northern Arizona ranchers worry more federal protection of the area could disrupt the livelihoods of those who’ve worked the land for generations.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Representatives from the uranium industry also oppose the monument proposal along with some Mohave County elected officials.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Bureau of Land Management Director Tracy Stone-Manning and other federal agency leaders listened to the nearly four hours of comments.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In May, Interior Secretary Deb Haaland visited the Grand Canyon area to meet with tribal leaders and others about the monument proposal.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Also on Tuesday legislation was introduced in the U.S. House and Senate by members of Arizona’s congressional delegation to designate the proposed Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #0e236c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 8px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Public shows support for proposed monument near Grand Canyon</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #4c4c4c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Posted Jul 20, 2023, 12:39 pm</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Ashley Lay</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #4c4c4c; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"></p><div style="color: #4c4c4c; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Cronkite News</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #0e236c; font-family: arial;"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: rgba(128, 128, 128, 0.5); color: #1f1f1f; font-family: arial;"> </span><span style="color: #bbbaba; font-family: arial;">Ashley Lay/Cronkite News</span></span></div><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><div style="color: #4c4c4c; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; text-align: left;">Nearly 200 people attend a meeting to discuss the proposed national monument near the Grand Canyon in Flagstaff on July 18, 2023. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><span style="caret-color: rgb(76, 76, 76); color: #4c4c4c;"><br /></span></div>
</span><p></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Dozens of community members, tribal leaders and state officials gathered in Flagstaff on Tuesday to show their support for a proposed national monument around the Grand Canyon, saying the designation could protect natural and cultural resources.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The Bureau of Land Management and the U.S. Forest Service, which would manage the monument, hosted its first meeting to listen and gather public opinion on the proposal.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“I have one mouth and two ears. I plan to use them accordingly because we really, really do want to hear from you,” Homer Wilkes, under secretary for Natural Resources and Environment at the U.S. Department of Agriculture, told the crowd.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The proposal asks President Joe Biden to designate more than 1.1 million acres as a national monument under the Antiquities Act of 1906, which allows presidents to set aside lands to protect cultural or natural resources.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The proposed <a href="https://grijalva.house.gov/interior-secretary-haaland-commits-to-visiting-tribes-proposed-baaj-nwaavjo-itah-kukveni-grand-canyon-national-monument-area/"><span style="color: #0e236c;">Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument</span></a> would include three areas of federal public land adjacent to Grand Canyon National Park and would prevent any further uranium mining in the protected area.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Several tribes in the Grand Canyon Tribal Coalition have ancestral ties to the canyon and honor it as a sacred place with natural landmarks and cultural ties. The coalition consists of 12 tribes and is leading the proposal for a new monument.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Tribal members expressed concern for plants, wildlife and water impacted by uranium mining.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“We cannot continue to scar Mother Earth,” Havasupai Vice Chairman Edmond Tilousi said. “The threat of contaminating our water is real and current. The pure water that flows through Havasupai Village is under constant attack by uranium mining.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 5px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Tilousi said protecting the land is his duty to his children and future generations. He also mentioned that once Colorado River water is “dirtied by the mining of uranium, it will never be the same again.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">There are 598 active mining claims in the proposed monument area and one active uranium mine in a meadow below Red Butte Mountain and roughly 10 miles from the rim of the Grand Canyon, according to Keep It Grand AZ, which has a <a href="https://keepitgrandaz.org/"><span style="color: #0e236c;">petition</span></a> to support the monument.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Nearly 200 people showed up at Tuesday’s gathering in a show of support. Many people wore matching blue T-shirts that read “Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument.” Other people stood outside with signs asking for protection of the land.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">However, critics who oppose the creation of the national monument said mining for uranium helps the economy.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“The move represents the Biden administration’s latest massive land grab and would be devastating to Mohave County,” said Penny Pew, a representative of Congressman Paul Gosar, R-Bullhead City. “The proposal was never coordinated with Mohave County officials, whose community will be permanently changed by this designation.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">The crowd loudly booed the statement.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In April, Mohave County Supervisor Buster Johnson told <a href="https://cronkitenews.azpbs.org/2023/04/11/tribal-leaders-lawmakers-want-new-1-1-million-acre-monument-in-arizona/"><span style="color: #0e236c;">Cronkite News</span></a> that uranium mining could be worth billions of dollars to the region’s economy, and historically has kept communities afloat.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">“In the mining industry, they pay well. We’ve had some communities that, when they put the moratorium in, the men had to leave,” Johnson said. “The families deteriorated because the men weren’t around … schools closed. Jobs just aren’t there and communities went under.”</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Also on Tuesday, Arizona Sens. Mark Kelly and Kyrsten Sinema and Congressman Raúl Grijalva released an announcement saying they introduced the Baaj Nwaavjo I’tah Kukveni Grand Canyon National Monument Act. The legislation outlines details and “directs the specifics of the formation and management” of the monument, according to a news release. The bill was not available by the time of publication.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Biden recently created two national monuments under the Antiquities Act of 1906. The Avi Kwa Ame National Monument is located in southern Nevada. The Castner Range National Monument is in northern El Paso, Texas.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">In its proposal, the Grand Canyon Tribal Coalition outlined that visitors would still be able to continue to hike, bike, camp and enjoy the landscape within the monument.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: whitesmoke; color: #1f1f1f; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Ben Stewart, who was at the meeting on Sinema’s behalf, told the crowd the next step would be to establish national funding for the monument.</span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-66298945870799849932023-06-26T17:08:00.001-07:002023-06-26T17:09:56.036-07:00<p> </p><p style="font-family: ArialMT; font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Secretary of the Interior Haaland appointed a committee to find and re-name inappropriate, or worse, names on features in national parks. I recently put out a post praising the change in Grand Canyon from the old Indian Gardens to Havasupai Gardens. Here is my suggestion for another deserving name change.<br />==============================================</p><p style="font-family: ArialMT; font-size: 22px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px;">Sent June 22,2023</p><div style="font-family: ArialMT; font-size: 22px;">To: Andrea DeKoter, Committee Manager<br /><div><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> Advisory Committee on Reconciliation in Place Names</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">Subject: Replacing an Inappropriate Name in Grand Canyon National Park</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">In the west end of the Park, there is a false, misleading name on a most significant, if little-known, feature. The existing name for this point -- Fort Garrett -- totally ignores the long history of the Southern Paiute in the Canyon and its vicinity. It needs to be removed and replaced by a name honoring the Southern Paiute.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">There is not in the vicinity, nor ever has been, a fort or any military structure, or so far as I know, any military activity. The use of the word “fort” is a slur on those who lived here for centuries, and peacefully, and on the Grand Canyon as an environmental icon and world-wide attraction, itself with no military connections. “Garrett" is unidentified, possibly that of an itinerant cow hand. A ruin of a shack to the west down in Pearce Canyon also carries the false name.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">The Point at issue, shown on the attached maps, reaches 6251’ at its southern end. With a distinctive outline as seen from above, it is the Westernmost High Point (WHP) of the main rim of the Grand Canyon. As such it should be recognized and publicized for its location and viewing platforms. Just as important, I believe, this WHP should be graced with an appropriate name from the Southern Paiute.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">I have attached three maps to provide orientation and clarity for my suggestion. </span></div><div><span><a name='more'></a></span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">The first, the USGS National Map, shows the topography, with green lines tracing the boundary of the Park, as well as Lake Mead National Recreation Area and Grand Canyon Parashant National Monument. The WHP is circled. An “x” marks the location in Pearce Wash off the ruined shack.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">The second map is an enlargement of the National Map to show where “Fort Garrett Point” appears. </span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">The third, Google map contains location data for the Point, as well as depicting the WHP in its setting above the Sanup Plateau.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">The Point under consideration is, as I say, of geologic, topographic, and public significance. It overlooks the Grand Canyon’s mid-level, here called the Sanup Plateau, and the Colorado River’s inner gorge. It is also relevant that the Sanup Plateau</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 17px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #202020; font-family: Helvetica;">is a Southern Paiute word for the sap of the piñon pine, common in the plateau’s nooks. Daniel Bulletts, cultural resource director of the Southern Paiute Tribe, explains: “We pronounce it ‘SUE-nupp,’ our word for pine pitch. You can use it as a glue or a skin salve.” (</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">from Tyler Williams,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">“Coming to an End”, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: underline;">Arizona Highways</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626; font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">,)</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> (The nearby Snap Point, although used as a boundary marker for Grand Canyon National Park, is not actually part of the Grand Canyon, draining west into Grand Wash and Lake Mead.)</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">I have no expertise in the language or history of the Southern Paiutes, but I have read that a man named Chuarumpeak was a main source of information for John Wesley Powell when he was carrying out his studies of the area after having run the Grand Canyon in 1869. It is a name of this sort that I would urge your committee to research with the Southern Paiute people, so that the most appropriate could be selected for the formal re-naming of the WHP. </span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">The WHP is approached on an unpaved track, which does not go on out to the end of the point. One major attraction is that the Arizona Strip is the hinterland of, and contains major back-country approaches to, the Grand Canyon’s north side. Many of us familiar with the Arizona Strip and its remoteness and attractions believe that major decisions will have to be made by the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the U. S. Forest Service as to what quality of development, or the abstaining from development, will most suit this region’s conditions, current uses, and overall place as a now-exciting approach to the Grand Canyon.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">In conclusion, I urge your committee to undertake as a priority an appropriate re-naming of</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> the Grand Canyon’s Westernmost High Point</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> honoring the Southern Paiute, giving prominence and recognition to this now little-known marker of the Canyon’s grand sweep.</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">Thank you for your consideration,</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">Jeffrey Ingram</span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">Tucson AZ </span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> </span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> Map 1. Location of the Grand Canyon’s Westernmost High Point (circled) showing boundary lines for National Park, </span><span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="background-color: white; color: #262626; white-space: pre;">
</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">Recreation Area, and Monument.</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> </span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU_SdjNz1YMmj8kd_JLMLlEyZrwAuFns0k2Awi8oCOIl4QyAELUd4mZgOdBNoUmjsw7Z2Z7fihdZXk9hy3aVVMnTWOU0JIOyv0FNTX_pKDUl0H4goQjHBin5wwrsh4J8bsJamRPlfiEHfNJu55zgyFL7nN_2HiZ9urW2YTAFAbFd3u-Bt_xMX9rs2a4mQ/s1733/WHP%20usgs%20nat%20map.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="968" data-original-width="1733" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhU_SdjNz1YMmj8kd_JLMLlEyZrwAuFns0k2Awi8oCOIl4QyAELUd4mZgOdBNoUmjsw7Z2Z7fihdZXk9hy3aVVMnTWOU0JIOyv0FNTX_pKDUl0H4goQjHBin5wwrsh4J8bsJamRPlfiEHfNJu55zgyFL7nN_2HiZ9urW2YTAFAbFd3u-Bt_xMX9rs2a4mQ/w640-h303/WHP%20usgs%20nat%20map.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">Map 2. Close-up of Westernmost High Point, showing inappropriate name. </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">“X” indicates location of ruin of line shack in <span class="x_Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;">
</span>Pearce Wash, outside the Grand Canyon drainage</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"> </span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBYfTiZBLYENoBv-eXokcy-F7bSOxA6cBv7RsExmTDJgCmU1XVeXvqPfP400lghW9HzB4gKUqpAQPYBd_j8ctL2FslrVR4b13oqvqzgx5QsLTj6arApoywOl3ZeH8dBfTzILnEZTI0GMT3yGplzj4THItB1VKxPIjD3Q55VHX8tk51QvTvKhzdgYIoh8A/s1713/WHP%20up%20close%20with%20name.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="982" data-original-width="1713" height="366" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBYfTiZBLYENoBv-eXokcy-F7bSOxA6cBv7RsExmTDJgCmU1XVeXvqPfP400lghW9HzB4gKUqpAQPYBd_j8ctL2FslrVR4b13oqvqzgx5QsLTj6arApoywOl3ZeH8dBfTzILnEZTI0GMT3yGplzj4THItB1VKxPIjD3Q55VHX8tk51QvTvKhzdgYIoh8A/w640-h366/WHP%20up%20close%20with%20name.png" width="640" /></a></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;">Map 3. Google locator aerial view with WHP circled in red</span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaC-o77l-ENCQigW0-OLEwq14tAb-P6vs3sFikTB9o-P7tRklw5WKDwHw7nGg2h3-QrDRTjiJR-pvV8_z3W01NatMEhfZDkc6xZcuj298WCHFTJaDa9RgzspjFLqTyZOMYJXxay8LV4tIueGuHPffkB7mJuAyqrgzJbLJdjMkKHLpPGIsW4r2YyJrEbOg/s2002/WHP%20google%20view%20with%20locator.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1336" data-original-width="2002" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaC-o77l-ENCQigW0-OLEwq14tAb-P6vs3sFikTB9o-P7tRklw5WKDwHw7nGg2h3-QrDRTjiJR-pvV8_z3W01NatMEhfZDkc6xZcuj298WCHFTJaDa9RgzspjFLqTyZOMYJXxay8LV4tIueGuHPffkB7mJuAyqrgzJbLJdjMkKHLpPGIsW4r2YyJrEbOg/w640-h428/WHP%20google%20view%20with%20locator.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #262626;"><br /></span></div></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-55891259927778891962023-06-08T11:57:00.000-07:002023-06-08T11:57:09.499-07:00Tell Me, Grampa: Where's the Water?<p><span style="font-size: large;"> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">Tell me, grampa, why the people back when you were young were so dumb they thought there would always be water, and we would never have to worry about being thirsty.</span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">But, you see, Dearly Beloved, they did know — way back in the 1960’s — they knew there would not be enough water!</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Those law-makers, expert in water matters, the local and regional water gurus dedicated to protecting their shares, the reclamation and water establishment that decided how the shares would be sucked and plumbed to move from wild river to alfalfa and other crop fields, and to kitchen taps: they did know.</span></p>
<span><span style="font-size: large;"><a name='more'></a></span></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the 1960’s, the watermen worked away crafting water legislation for the Colorado River Basin (CRB), worked away to give Arizona its share. And as they worked, they knew they would be sucking water out of an already over-committed, under-productive river.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">They didnt know there would be such a horrendous drought;</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"> they didnt know about how their vaunted twentieth-century progress was bringing drastic change to our climate.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">They did know their desires for growth and their greed for plentiful water would exceed dependable river flow, that the dreams of the 1922 CRB Compact-writers were fanciful, that the allocations and divisions they were making were a strait-jacket.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">They didnt worry. Because they also knew that they and their allies were always able to “find” (= command the water rights to) more water: Los Angeles from the Owens Valley, from northern California, and yes, from the Colorado, Denver from over the Rockies, the Front Range from the Frying Pan.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The water gurus knew, and they had their next target in mind and view: just 10% of the over-abundant Columbia River, channelled into a canal only 800 miles long to flow ever-replenishingly into Lake Mead. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">And we know, Dearly Beloved, they understood their CRB would not have the water because, when the watermen of the Columbia said “No”, “Absolutely not”, “not a drop”, “you can send your people; we keep the water”, the CRB got very angry and raved and ranted, not just at the Columbia protectors, also at their own friends in the government: Reclamation and Interior, and at each other as they demanded this or that concession, protection, project, pipe dream.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Which is what the pipe from the Columbia was. So that in 1965-6 when the CRB water mavens labored and built, bigger and higher, a legislative structure to make all of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">them</span> happy, then trundled it out in Congress for approval, their effort went “pop!” just like the dream balloon it was. And they stormed and they bullied, because their all-inclusive kitchen-sink legislation needed water they knew would not be there in 50 years.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Their tantrums, of course, could not run over the protectors of the Columbia’s water, but then even more infuriating, they ran into, and again not over, the American people, in their role as protectors of the Grand Canyon.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">What did the Grand Canyon have to do with piping water to Los Angeles, Phoenix, et al., and all the fields of crops thirsting under the Southwestern sun? Nothing, said the CRB. We just want to put a couple of hydro-dams in it (wonderful damsites!) and sell the electricity to get the dollars to build our Columbia-to-Colorado River pipe. We must, or we will run out of water.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Oh, said the multitude of the Grand Canyon’s friends and protectors, that would all be a very bad, an incomprehensibly bad, idea. As bad an idea as stealing water from the Columbia to keep Lake Mead brim-full. So the Columbia’s and the Grand Canyon’s friends and protectors linked arms and said: No dams! No, not even a little one. And No! no Columbia water sent south. Not a drop.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">So, they knew, the CRB watermen, back in 1960’s, that the Colorado would not supply all their needs and greeds. And they did come up with a solution to get more water: their kitchen-sink CRB legislation. They created this monster of a legislative creature to effect their solution, to build their dams and waterworks, to re-shape the physical and human landscape, the environment of the American West. And they hoped to wheedle and bully its way through Congress.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">And when the friends and allies of the Grand Canyon and the Columbia River said “No!”, then “POP!” went the CRB creature. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Now here is the strange thing; something, Dearly Beloved, you will not believe. The CRB water folks picked up some of the pieces of their scheme — but no dams, no Columbia — and made a brave effort at pretense. They decided not to worry about what they knew would happen. Can you imagine that? They just cobbled together a more modest piece of water legislation, and set off into the 1970’s and their kind of brave old future.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">From that day, over 50 years ago, until this one, full of astonished news articles and gloomy fairy tales with dramatic, beautiful illustrations, about how there is not enough water in the Colorado (look at all the surprised people digging into this <i>new</i>s), over that entire near-lifetime, everybody agreed just to forget that they <b>knew</b>.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">“Forget” is not a euphemism for “prepared how to deal with”. It is a description of “Let’s pretend”. And so we did, and now the shortage is here. As the wise ones of the 1960’s knew it would come. They tried; they came up with their answer, their usual answer, but the world did not want that answer. Now the 1960’s watermen have died, and the world has changed; their ways are not our ways. Yet the question that we must answer is the same:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">How are we to live and prosper in this environment we utterly depend upon, yet still so often fail to respect and protect?</span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-24515672265804077852023-05-16T13:44:00.004-07:002023-06-27T10:00:49.578-07:00Havasupai Gardens<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">I was moved by the story about the ceremony at Grand Canyon National Park to send a letter to the Superintendent. May there be further such occasions!</span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: medium;">-------------------------------------------------------</span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";">May 15, 2023 </span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ed Keable, Superintendent </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Grand Canyon National Park</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Arizona</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dear Superintendent:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It was with great satisfaction and delight that I read of the recent return of the Havasupai to one of their gardens, Ha’a Gyoh.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A cherished aim of Senator Barry Goldwater’s when <i>50 years ago</i> he sponsored and moved what we know as the Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act of 1975, was embodied in section 5: “In the administration of the Grand Canyon National Park, as enlarged by this Act, the Secretary is authorized and encouraged to enter into cooperative agreements with other Federal, State and local public departments and agencies <b>and with interested Indian tribes</b> providing for the protection and interpretation of the Grand Canyon in its entirety….” (my emphasis, but his intent).</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It may seem that rededicating the gardens is a stretch of section 5, but I firmly believe that Goldwater and the 1975 Act’s co-author, Representative Morris Udall, would have totally approved of this action, in line with their hopes that cooperation between the Park and non-Park landowners was possible and worthwhile. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Those hopes are exactly in line with this sentiment (from the AP report):</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 14px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">“Tribal members are hopeful it means a new era of cooperation that will give them more access to sites in the canyon and to tell their story through their lens and language.”</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I do wish, as Im sure other backers of the 1975 Act do, that the past 50 years had been full of such actions. Better, certainly, this late than to continue the stand-offish stance of the past. (Not to mention the outright hostility that section 5 was supposed to mark the end of.)</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">May I direct your attention to an area of the Park that could benefit from actions of this kind? The far northwest of the Canyon might seem remote and little-visited to National Park visitors, compared to Ha’a Gyoh. Yet it is a supremely interesting area where the Grand Canyon, after its magnificent near-300-mile course deep in the gorge and spreading up onto mighty plateaus, comes to an end at its Westernmost High Point (WHP), the very end of its upper rim expression, from where the Canyon tapers down to the river in the vicinity of the Grand Wash Cliffs.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">This is, I assure you, a prime area where there could be fruitful identification and naming <i>and visitation</i> of prominent features (such as the WHP) that would recognize and honor the long-time former residents, the Southern Paiute. We know already some of their words applied to Canyon landscapes — Kaibab, Uinkarets, for instance. Yet there is much more that could be done, from river to rim, in canyons and on the plateaus and Esplanade features. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">There is not, I believe, a great history of controversy here, but there has been massive neglect of a people who were massively badly treated when what is now called the Arizona Strip was entered, settled, and turned over to economic uses. I would urge you to gather those with knowledge and concern of the Southern Paiute and this area to confer with the Park staff and even the public in order to lay out a program that would enrich our knowledge and recognition of the Grand Canyon’s human history.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Cordially,</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Jeffrey Ingram </span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-feature-settings: normal; font-kerning: auto; font-optical-sizing: auto; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variation-settings: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 22px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">3956 E Camino de la Colina, Tucson</span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-76434435588899670222023-03-27T12:51:00.001-07:002023-03-27T12:51:33.785-07:00<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> <span style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; text-align: center;">HUMANISM IS SOMETHING TO LIVE BY,</span></span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">AND FOR SAVING, AND ENJOYING, THE GRAND CANYON </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">So lets start with the substance of what a humanist has as guides; what seems reasonable as ways to help make decisions, choose life paths, come out for and against on the issues of concern.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-size: medium;">Golden Rule. Not depriving others of choice and action outside the framework of contract, law, and the other items to which, in some not altogether clear non-mystical sense, we subscribe in order to live in society. The test of improvement: Do our activities in life meet the standard of betterment (and there’s a thicket)? Can your activities be justified as good/bettering without reference to invisible, unverifiable powers? Can we advance ideas based on joint discussion, not imposed notions? Can we tolerate others’ ideas and actions, and to what extent do we oppose them?</span><p></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">How do we live a humanist life? Partly, by not having to live by rituals, other people’s rituals, handed-down rituals. There are personal habits, continued so becoming rituals; they are self-formulated.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">As a formality we have to start off with the negatives: the disavowing of the supernatural, immortality, the gods/God, after-life, and so on. Including, if they drag the tag of the superhuman, the big questions: What is there to live for? What justifies human life? What is our purpose? All that stuff is set aside.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">My understanding of the universe, while accepting an element of mysteriousness, is based on “scientific” “explanations”. (The quotes recognize the ephemerality of the science and particular explanations over the years. Part of the fun of being a humanist is that you can pursue new and altering explanations without running into arbitrary, ritualist-based, objections.) Our universe, physically, happened, evolves. Undirected. Life appeared. Then: the processes of biological evolution --natural selection of supportive genetic changes --; the chance and randomness of the environment and the creatures engendered in it; developments we label consciousness and reflection; an awareness of the past and the future as containing different conditions from the present: change, in other words, that we understand we can participate in.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">And over the past few millions of years, there evolved strains of what we classify as mammals, primates, one “branch” being hominids, one result (species) being the <span style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>Homo</i></span> species of, say, the last million, half-million years. In those times came tool-using, fire/cooked food, a migratory willingness, leading to our living, if changing, through many extreme times, including of glaciation and warming; periods much longer than our life span, and maybe even our collective memories’ span. And some of the times have been more or less benign. And how these long-form experiences are “remembered”? Or not. One of the mysteries. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">More Specifically…</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Humanism is a belief set, a creed, a foundation, that fits us, and us in our world.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">I believe the biological evolution of hominid, <span style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>Homo</i></span>, speech capabilities and the cultural evolution of languages form the key to, the basis of, being human. Not just communication; also thinking-in-time, narrative, abstraction. Education of the young, using language, means telling stories. Some of these stories may well have tapped into the mysteries of our world, may well have dealt with our hopes and fears and sorrows as well as day-to-day-matters. Making decisions about activities -- whether for the day, or planning for longer periods -- involves language constructing narratives, stories that persuade, guide, obtain approval. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Approval of the group: Humans are social creatures; for tens, hundreds of millennia, that meant groups, bands, of tens, dozens, maybe a few hundred. We interacted with other bands; linguistically (information exchange), sexually, using goods (economic interchange), stories. Our “small”-band sociality was a <span style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>sine qua non</i></span> of these human millennia, from way back when into this latest warming period, starting the Holocene from the end of the latest glaciation, 9-10,000 years or so. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Over all our dozens, hundreds, of millennia, much change, if slow by “modernity’s” frenetic standards, took place. We moved, migration was built into us, to meet our need for water and sustenance—our gathering and killing for food, our need for shelter, and warmth for comfort and cooking. Clothing/footwear, art, pictorial record, structures, proliferation of tool-making, the use of fire to enrich our environment’s productivity; change, reflection upon change, innovation. Music may have preceded, developed with, language — an expression of our devotion to stories and the emotions accompanying them. Art appeared, meeting today’s terms, but from its beginnings, visual expression was a continuing strand of human cooperation. Domestication, perhaps first of beasts, companions or sustenance, was invented as a supplement,— or was perhaps even superior — to simple consumption. In our increasing sophistication, we were as if becoming ready for dealing with, taking advantage of, a retreat of that last ice and cold, a warming and increase in environment’s fecundity, which we partook in. The end of the Paleolithic, that long time when we, seemingly, arguably, fit, as an element, not the dominant, of the world, our environment.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Anthropocene, this era of world-impacting human activity, started in the Neolithic as our numbers increased and our settlements densified; as our inventiveness accelerated, proliferated, expressed in the invention of farming, domestication through intensive cultivation of a relatively few plants, and the supporting social inventions: planning as a delaying into the unknown, debt and taxes as the provision of resources to supply and maintain farmers during the time of cultivation and harvest. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Humanism Is An Old Guide</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Humanism belonged in that long pre-Anthropocene, underpinned it: the understanding of the worth and necessity of living, surviving, prospering, having-raising-educating children; continuation. Maybe abstraction was indulged in. We must have spent some story-telling time boasting or puzzling out or coping with the new and the different. Not yet using that Anthropogenic invention, religion; rather, we felt a belief in our own worth and interest, in our capability to get along, as we told it in our narratives and talked it over, maybe sometimes with other bands who brought different stories from different places. So we must have had some theory of the human, encouraging our puzzling out each others’ languages. We must have been able to escape fears leading to hostility and the loss of chances to exchange information and experiences.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Our band instinct, altruistic, strengthened, as it helped explicate our being with others, in our narratives; it was a realization of the importance of what we did, living and moving. Stories made sense of these activities. Say: we talked, therefore we became. Say, we were aware of us being, therefore we thought ourselves worth being, and told ourselves so. Our experience of death, likely frequent, was part of life, not the end of it. Some died; some did not; all had participated; the band, the community, the “we” was continuing, was worth continuing. Our living in and with the world brought a sense of the worth of human life and lives. Perhaps not a dedication to progress, to our getting better and better; maybe that requires the conscious shaping that came with the invention of domestication. Still we did know bounty and did know want. We did know about moving, searching out food and comfort and safety sources; we did migrate, i.e., saying “here we are, and it is not so great; we will now pick up and go to another place”. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">It is hard to resist elevating this existence; not necessarily to noble savagery; certainly not. However, it was a life that we had evolved in, the life where the environment— with all its changes sudden and long-lasting— and the human got used to each other. Stories of conquest were not needed; the reality of accommodation and achieving it using language was more than enough. We would have been constantly and repeatedly challenged to learn what we needed and where to find it, or how to move on. It was, I am trying to say, a time, long times, of a world that, even if not scaled to humans, was one we knew intimately, and we knew how to fit into or flee.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Humanism, that is to say, could develop in our millennia of survival, and even of our suffering and prospering. There were plenty of other-scale events and beings, both small and large. We did not need to invent anything to give us a sense of what we were capable of and what was best avoided; no need to reverence super-others; plenty of thought was needed to relate, plan, achieve, and reflect. The story, our stories, were our medium, our lessons. Maybe sometimes we exaggerated for narrative impact. However, getting it right meant getting it aligned with the world, true in the world, not fantasizing some out-of-proportion alien. Later, language would give humans grandiosity; in the pre-Anthropocene, narration was our tool, narrative our guide. Remembering, re-telling, was to ground us, provide a sense of proportion and agency. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Where is that humanism, that narrative of the world, told on our human scale, today? Is it eclipsed by so much fantasy that is grander, deeper, more full of promise and promises, more reverential, more dizzy with swirl and ceremony and great pronouncements, more attuned to the beau-male ideal that the Anthropocene is built to suit?</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Super Men and the Mess We Made</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">That superhuman perspective, that Divinity Option, that in-His-own-image stuff, certainly had its chance, its day, as an integral part, a major support, for the male-centered social organizations that emerged out of the innovations of the Neolithic and flourish patchily in our most recent 6-8 millennia. And certainly the be-suited profiteering wanna-be-emperors who wish always to dominate and control embrace that Option. However, the birth and growth of the Anthropocene, the retailing of the world’s his-stories originated to support the Neolithic Revolution, is not the purpose of this essay; just this fast splash of male centricity and its supernatural is needed before we discuss humanism as a set of guiding ideas today. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">All of that, that divinity, reverence, higher power stuff, is now most obviously a distraction, just one of the props developed in the changes that marked our political evolution from small farming-based settlements into the ever-more complex arrangements to regulate and control the land and the labor to work it for food and ever-denser populations. Those changes, the ones that brought government and empire and organized religion and compulsory obedience, are distortions, insisted upon even as they were dissented from, as men used force to bend and twist and bloat tasks of protection and organization into more permanent, more self-gratifying roles as rulers, and even self-anointed “gods”. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Modestly, We Can Clean It Up</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Humanism scrapes off all that intoxicating glory, and concentrates on the greater benefit -- not of worship or glorification -- from <span style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>Homo sapiens</i></span> re-invigorating a human scale for human agency, what we have done, can do, should do, for us in the world that supports us.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Rinsing out of our minds the falsehood that <span style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"><i>Homo sapiens</i></span> was put here for some, Anybody Else’s, heavenly purpose, we can appreciate our capacity and capability and I argue responsibility, to provide ourselves with the awareness, and the anthropogenic power, to affect, radically affect, this planet,—- to protect our home. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">We have proven we can change it in small and in planet-wide ways. A humanist believes our ethics include the command to act in ways that are shaped to promote sustainability. We need to understand it, to protect and preserve it as our home, to protect and preserve it in its varieties, which even today we are still far from comprehending.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Needless to say, this is not the male-dominance way, that thrives on exploitation and the illusion that abundance is forever.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">An Example</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The American Wilderness System (NWS) marks out and collects many natural places/land(water)scapes, and seeks to modulate human behavior so as to avoid degrading their make-up. It is a kind of upgraded zoning, where the goal is to avoid marking areas for various human uses, but to say: these areas are not available for the anthropogenic activities that have, over the past 10 millennia given birth to the Anthropocene.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Now, a Wilderness designated in our National Wilderness System, is not pristine in the sense that it exists and lives on as it was before our Neolithic launch into world-straddling civilizations. No place on Earth can anymore claim to be so pristine. Nevertheless, places in the NWS are considered to be of such value as we now encounter them, that Americans have decided as a legal, political, governmental matter, to try to keep them as they are. To try, even as we use them for study, for recreation, as curbs on rabid exploitation. We have set standards and policies to implement this effort at preservation, a kind of stasis; a kind that has mostly in the past been abhorrent to our desire and need to exploit our planetary inheritance for our immediate comfort and aggrandizement. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">A humanist believes, and acts on that belief, that it is worth while to extend the concept of the NWS world-wide, to designate and preserve many other places, as places of research, education, and delight, and in some sense, in their own right to exist and evolve, while we eschew our active intervention.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The NWS is only one such governmental creation. The National Park System, Wildlife Refuges, and by extension, proposals for wildlife Corridors, for rehabilitation. They all are under-girded by the humanist belief that our earthly environment is finite in any given configuration, and that some areas and life processes should not be open to human exploitation, but preserved/protected/used such that changes natural to that landscape can occur while humans work to minimize their activities (as defined in law and use) and impact.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">These creations, these positive embraces of our world, are minor on humans’ industrial scale. Just like, while the Ogres of Environmental Savaging we’ve unleashed stalk us, fetidly breathing ever hotter, we entertain ourselves exploring the wonders of the universe employing astronomical toys that mostly do no harm. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Another Little Humanist Example — With a Grand Result</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Grand Canyon is not some God’s altar, or even Creation. Yet for all its immensity, it is a place which we can contemplate, walk or boat about in, get in touch with, a bit. A very Universe of canyons, yes, but still, one that rewards our attempts to enjoy it, study, philosophize about it. A very human-scale immensity; feeling small in it, actually gives one a good frisson, yes?</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Whatever our hopes were in 1968 about saving the Grand Canyon from the super-Anthropogenic scheme of being turned into an industrial park through the construction of two massive concrete dams (plus plethora of appurtenant works), we could not have claimed that we intended to head off the climate change that we now understand as one of the more pervasive and unpredictable results of our Anthropocene. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Certainly, the water gurus of those times thrashed in the strait-jacket they had woven, knowingly, yet which they still sought to extend: the construction of a man-made world requiring the endless provision of water for populated areas that produced almost none. They clamored for and bet on their power to alter the continent’s water economy. They failed. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Half a century later, two landscapes are apparent: 1) The Grand Canyon stands, laid out as an environmental icon we can revel in. Not unsullied, but still undiminished, it is a reminder that we can understand and choose the path away from the false belief that our exploitation of our environment, our world, our life support, has no constraints. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2) Our blindness in believing in an unbounded industrialized America has had the time to be countered and lightened a bit by the unpredictable events our Anthropocene machinations set in motion. Saying “no” to dams in the Grand Canyon has given Gaia time to get her breath and really start to huff and puff, blow and storm. We begin to make out the tough country we have put ourselves in. Still, we are only stumbling about, unable to rapidly shake off the shackles of our devotion to our Anthropocene.</span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Grand Canyon, undammed, affected by dams, shouts out the message that we can choose beneficently for our future. </span></p>
<p style="background-color: white; font-family: Geneva; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 12px;"><span style="font-size: medium;">But too often, in our strait-jacket, can not.</span></p><div><br /></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-56227033143424869052023-03-02T14:53:00.000-07:002023-03-02T14:53:13.664-07:00Walking On The Western Side<p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"> INTRODUCING THE FAR WEST</span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">HIKING THE GRAND CANYON'S NEGLECTED BOUNDARY</span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">As previous posts described, rectifying the Grand Canyon’s eastern boundaries led us into the tangles of governmental and legal actions. Cutting through that thicket, however, we found the physical legal boundary between the Park and Navajo Reservation is easy to navigate: down the left/south bank of the Colorado from the Paria River junction to the Little Colorado, then up that one a bit. </span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Park boundary in the Canyon’s west end, an area much less known and visited, apparently offers no legal tangles since the land is all under NPS administration -- the Park or Lake Mead NRA. Sad to say, the current western boundary ignores the Canyon’s topography and geology, using straight lines that fail to emphasize the true significance of the Canyon’s western finale.</span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Therefore, if we are to adhere to the idea of using the Grand Canyon drainage to figure out what to protect and proclaim within a <i>complete</i> National Park while not infringing on Navajo, Havasupai, or Hualapai land, then for the western end, there are new questions to answer. Pleasant surprise, that challenge invites us to scout out a newly defined line, one we can follow on foot — a hikable, likable, line. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span></span></span></p><a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: large;">Let’s take a look at what we have now, starting north of the Colorado. This is what NPS mapped for the 1975 Park Enlargement Act. I don't know why there are two parallel lines; perhaps NPS was experimenting:</span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR2OfKmiIe3EBkhRi1PZMuywRWJK2OBBKArGL__VDGQK_k0PExToK99Ux0ItIwcxezT0a3TwGVngReTXR3eJzHSH0FfNyS7-vejnf5caf7lLWVsiZ4VDgAoHF91oxfcztHqaOJW8Gj_XoFQ91uxX-6IlXpDxAZFYBwxWSkIxW3Xtomce0rXVGCfC8E/s2398/usgs%20nat%20map%20full%20east%20side%20incl%20pearce.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1444" data-original-width="2398" height="407" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgR2OfKmiIe3EBkhRi1PZMuywRWJK2OBBKArGL__VDGQK_k0PExToK99Ux0ItIwcxezT0a3TwGVngReTXR3eJzHSH0FfNyS7-vejnf5caf7lLWVsiZ4VDgAoHF91oxfcztHqaOJW8Gj_XoFQ91uxX-6IlXpDxAZFYBwxWSkIxW3Xtomce0rXVGCfC8E/w669-h407/usgs%20nat%20map%20full%20east%20side%20incl%20pearce.png" width="669" /></a></div><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">And here, in glorious technicolor, is a geologic map, the best I have found on the internet, a wonderful ride to wander the Canyon on. </span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV-nXlDjLhX4-6lI2jvS6954q47Fcw0PZZzgtvBUFklirYzbf3UV03o_xT84ih6cqFFN2f8fJmQQ8zdBEjLy35fB3ldwkQCUeRFklTfSub9TurxqXwNAHVl4ba30mh0MqFAQNnXSFBzrycRyak_Y1z3GLwhk1Kid2P-zF6hwvl3EegaJExtkoSzMUu/s2880/geo%20map%20north%20side%20red%20dot%20bdy.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1800" data-original-width="2880" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV-nXlDjLhX4-6lI2jvS6954q47Fcw0PZZzgtvBUFklirYzbf3UV03o_xT84ih6cqFFN2f8fJmQQ8zdBEjLy35fB3ldwkQCUeRFklTfSub9TurxqXwNAHVl4ba30mh0MqFAQNnXSFBzrycRyak_Y1z3GLwhk1Kid2P-zF6hwvl3EegaJExtkoSzMUu/w674-h400/geo%20map%20north%20side%20red%20dot%20bdy.png" width="674" /></a></div><p style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">The full map can be found <a href="https://rclark.github.io/grand-canyon-geology" target="_blank">here</a> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> (</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">https://rclark.github.io/grand-canyon-geology).</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial;">Website by <a href="https://twitter.com/worbly">Ryan Clark</a>, 2013. He says: "This work-in-progress represents a spectacular set of data generated by <a href="http://geomaps.wr.usgs.gov/arizona/"><span style="color: #3f3f3f;">George Billingsley and others at the USGS</span></a>. The geologic data shown here was taken from the following USGS publications:</span></span></p><ul>
<li style="color: #3f3f3f; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2766/"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">Geologic map of the Mount Trumbull 30 x 60 quadrangle</span></span></a></li>
<li style="color: #3f3f3f; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-2688/"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">Geologic map of the Grand Canyon 30' x 60' quadrangle</span></span></a></li>
<li style="color: #3f3f3f; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2895/"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">Geologic map of the Valle 30' x 60' quadrangle</span></span></a></li>
<li style="color: #3f3f3f; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2007/2977/"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">Geologic Map of the Cameron 30' x 60' Quadrangle</span></span></a></li>
<li style="color: #3f3f3f; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><a href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/2006/2900/"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-size: large;">Geologic Map of the Peach Springs 30' x 60' Quadrangle</span></span></a></li>
<li style="color: #3f3f3f; font-family: Helvetica; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/sim3227"><span style="background-color: white;">Geologic map of the Tuba City 30' x 60' quadrangle</span></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #848484;">"</span></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-large;"> </span></li></ul><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">On the relevant piece of that map, I have put red dots to indicate a zone where I think the boundary could lie, starting at the base of the Grand Canyon WHP, it Westernmost High Point.</span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Here, I must digress to a major topic, that of names and the lack of them. The WHP, with its striking raptor or dragon head shape, is burdened with an embarrassing name, being labelled “fort garrett”, a non- and un-military ruin of a shack located not on the WHP or even in the Grand Canyon, but some distance down in Pearce Canyon. Properly, the WHP would bear the name of a Southern Paiute notable, for example, Chuarumpeak, who provided information for John Wesley Powell. Indeed there are many spots out in this western area that could be given names associated with the Paiute, the very longtime inhabitants. For example, one boundary terminus on the right bank comes to the River at a butte of Muav Limestone over Bright Angel Shale (circled in red). The old USGS topo map shows on the butte the word “Granite”, part of “Lower Granite Gorge”, a feature now buried under silt. We can do better than that (see below). </span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The red dot on the west side of the WHP (northeast map corner) is very near where dirt road access conveniently comes close to the rim. The light blue on the top is Kaibab formation; under it a medium blue strip of the Toroweap layer. It appears, at least on the Google Map, that there are “very likely” routes through those strata to get down onto the Hermit and then the Esplanade Sandstone/Pakoon Limestone cover of the Sanup Plateau, the equivalent out here of the Esplanade. </span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Sanup is pretty flat, with drainage tilted toward the north and Pearce Canyon. The drainage into the Grand Canyon itself is down very close to the Sanup rim overlooking the river. So there is a little discussion to be had whether to run the boundary as it can actually be traced along the Canyon's very low-relief drainage divide, or whether to place it farther north as I have planted my red dots, thus including most of the Sanup, even though the tilt is toward Pearce Canyon. No really big divide exists— just like it looks, the Sanup here is a spread-out plateau. For the hiker, the most straight-forward way west is the northern red-dot route. For the purist who wants to march along a hard-to-find divide, the route goes south to the Sanup rim and along the River overlooks. The little side canyons below, by the way, are nameless, giving 4 or 5 more opportunities for appropriate names, another sign of how little known this west end, this wind-down of the Canyon, is. </span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Whichever way the boundary walk reaches the west side of the Sanup, the trekker’s view beyond is out over a near-chaos of little drainages. I was able to trace out four hikable, exploratory routes using the 1971 (i.e., pre- the enlarged Park) USGS 7.5 quad, Snap Canyon West. These routes all end between River Miles 277 (putative end to the Canyon) and 278. Walking them out, working out which is the best route to the river, and which the best boundary line (they may not be the same thing), would be a fine climax for the Canyon hiker of this west side story.</span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9MdFXXWBe7flRv0vYf0BjKN3kKth-fpjiM3qnZrVZvmChAb4rxhgObcWDxhqR8p-eOY5Q6UyofVYnPe4aND0cV9_4AgjTNxlGWB1OyhIoTjHlC5lE-aeV3quoD1Aq4cWJy-kzi_1YJwQgZCf9OwRZ0wMpRCVAE-5HISfINSPIBd986BXPUWQMzdxs/s2016/boundary%20routes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="2016" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9MdFXXWBe7flRv0vYf0BjKN3kKth-fpjiM3qnZrVZvmChAb4rxhgObcWDxhqR8p-eOY5Q6UyofVYnPe4aND0cV9_4AgjTNxlGWB1OyhIoTjHlC5lE-aeV3quoD1Aq4cWJy-kzi_1YJwQgZCf9OwRZ0wMpRCVAE-5HISfINSPIBd986BXPUWQMzdxs/w652-h480/boundary%20routes.jpg" width="652" /></a></div><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Once at the riverside, the traveler could sit on that bump just above River Mile 277 and, one could hope, read a little plaque distinguishing the butte with a name from the Southern Paiute, maybe Wovoka, the founder in the 1880’s of the Ghost Dance. A good seat, too, to contemplate the length of the Canyon, as well as a good location for the boundary crossing to:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">SOUTH OF THE RIVER</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Where the south-side west-facing line in the “wattle” * offers an accessible challenge to a hiker seeking a feel for a Canyon boundary. When you look south from river level at Mile 277, you see or can envision the Grand Canyon’s last ridge steeply rising from your elevation at about 1200’. I have traced the top of that ridge route in red on the USGS National map:</span><span style="font-size: x-large;"> </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVjPNdhi5yUyVuFf6WYWGFnsV3P7qnzMuEBdlEMGuo_HZbsDoKSbG7BvIMKD6TTdIG1GhVw-ogP-wcEflwsABH4kUM1qinyghScOmRvu8_2RI6aYnGC0dVRyfveFcXmMmlzMiZ_ZDupHSCk310gvlLtbf2YydmcQmNtM-ucL8dZxWASC-gRXU9zRUb/s1338/usgs%20nat%20map%20full%20wattle.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1338" data-original-width="914" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVjPNdhi5yUyVuFf6WYWGFnsV3P7qnzMuEBdlEMGuo_HZbsDoKSbG7BvIMKD6TTdIG1GhVw-ogP-wcEflwsABH4kUM1qinyghScOmRvu8_2RI6aYnGC0dVRyfveFcXmMmlzMiZ_ZDupHSCk310gvlLtbf2YydmcQmNtM-ucL8dZxWASC-gRXU9zRUb/w526-h640/usgs%20nat%20map%20full%20wattle.png" width="526" /></a></div><p></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">At R.M. 277 on the south shore, you can look up-Canyon back along the left bank cliffs into the small (and last) side canyon above which the (in)famous Rampart Cave is located. Just a tick upstream Cave Canyon enters, with Columbine Falls. As the cliffs (and the hiker) rise up, the westernmost ridge, going ten miles and more southward, forms the wall of Cave and Grand Canyons, while on the west, the land drops with many a swoop down the slope into the Basin & Range, Lake Mead country, to Grapevine Canyon in which the new Pearce Ferry take-out ramp is located. You can drive to this ramp, do a three-mile hike and reach that 277-mile mark of Grand Canyon’s conclusion, turn south, and ascend the boundary ridge on foot.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The views must be impressive, as more and more of the two geological provinces, Colorado Plateau and Basin & Range, come into view, east and west. The National Map above has the ridge top route in red along which, with some hops and twists, you can travel above Cave Canyon all the way to the green National Park line and beyond. Outside the Park, the topography is just rumpled, though it is still within the Grand Canyon’s drainage.<b> </b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">About 5600’ is as high as you can get around here. That is about a mile above the old river level, not a bad day’s work. From here a turn right and drop west will get you to the Pearce road. For more Grand Canyon, the overnight-prepared could explore Cave Canyon and so back to the rivershore.</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">For an overnight, since Cave Canyon down is all in the Park, that’s where you would get a permit — The Hualapai do not want you to hike on their reservation anyway…</span></p><div><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div><div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Having established the physical western boundary of the Canyon itself — marking, mapping, maybe naming it, above all walking it — does it make sense to re-draw the Park line? I would say so. Using the ridgetops would give a more topographic feel than hard-to-find legal lines (or horrors, fencing) to connect up to the line chosen to do the stroll from the Sanup Plateau to the water at the 277-mile butte on the north shore.</span></p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnQEkG_R-LFv6ODSCvpdJzhp7aThDYptv1_At5Mht4J7myIEtSzAyWpZjPJc7Lraq0BIgwxwqSk10upjUYAs5JG50Tvv0M8oETc6jEesL9kcZCw4VOl_r6dxBEHG-YyyGbQrx0PDamtWwwxIZLbzxY_QyTK3fp4jKN__D87msGMieBmr2hlKA8v9aV/s1602/usgs%20nat%20map%20draw%20new%20bdy.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1344" data-original-width="1602" height="536" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnQEkG_R-LFv6ODSCvpdJzhp7aThDYptv1_At5Mht4J7myIEtSzAyWpZjPJc7Lraq0BIgwxwqSk10upjUYAs5JG50Tvv0M8oETc6jEesL9kcZCw4VOl_r6dxBEHG-YyyGbQrx0PDamtWwwxIZLbzxY_QyTK3fp4jKN__D87msGMieBmr2hlKA8v9aV/w640-h536/usgs%20nat%20map%20draw%20new%20bdy.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">The red line approximates my suggested route for the boundary. For the traveler, perhaps there could be a sign or marker here and there, nothing more. The green lines are the current NPS boundaries. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Please note, my suggested red line is not a “pure” drainage boundary. Going from the north end of the Westernmost High Point the line swings west across the Sanup Plateau to include most of it in the Park, while most of Pearce Canyon would be returned to the Lake Mead NRA. The Basin & Range and the south tip of the southern “wattle” could go to Lake Mead or BLM jurisdiction as appropriate.</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">*A word about the history of the wattle:</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">In the 1930’s, with Lake Mead filling, the Park Service took on a major new role regulating recreation in special areas. For 30 years, NPS and Reclamation cooperated in LMNRA’s administration. Since “everybody” believed that soon there would be a new (Bridge Canyon) dam just upstream from Mead, this arrangement was extended up onto the Colorado Plateau and along the river to Grand Canyon National Monument. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">As the boundaries settled down in the 1950’s, NPS got even larger eyes for the country, and when legislation for the Lake Mead National Recreation Area was passed in 1964, not only was a magnificent chunk of the western Grand Canyon, high- and river-level, put into that Area (allowing all kinds of resource exploitation: grazing, mining, roads, dams and power lines, resorts, etc.), a swathe of the Hualapai Reservation was also included. The remnant of that futile land grab — the Hualapai turned down flat the idea of yielding any of their Reservation — is what I call the “wattle”, that piece from the river to</span><span style="font-size: large;"><span> the curved southern line</span><span> west of the Hualapai Reservation. In its 1964 pipe-dream legislation that curved line was extended in a big arc sweeping well south of the Hualapai northern line, first going</span><span> </span><span>southeast then northeast to take in almost a third of the Reservation. (This fantasy line still shows up on some maps, in spite of the Hualapai saying “NO!”. It is the same case as with the Navajo land on the east side of the Grand Canyon along its first 60+ miles, where again the Tribal Government would have to concur were the land to be taken into the National Park — and it didn't, hasn’t, and won’t.) </span><span> </span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Anyway, in 1967-8, when Senator Case (R, NJ) was helping Canyon advocates stiff the dam-builders and wanted to submit a bill for a complete Grand Canyon National Park, <i>a la </i>the Sierra Club proposal, the Park Service provided him a map showing a Park boundary that included that southern bit of LMNRA, the wattle. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: large;">At the same time, the proposal, on the north side, drew a straight line east up Pearce Canyon (it isn’t in the Grand Canyon) to Snap Point, then wiggled over to the Westernmost High Point — which I am glad to say did get into, and belongs in, the National Park. </span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></p>
<p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">It is this old history that gives rise to the need to rectify, and more importantly recognize, the Canyon’s real, physical, topographic, and walkable, western boundary and then align the Park boundary with it. Had we known more and better a half-century ago, we could have fixed it in the 1975 Park Enlargement Act. </span></p><p style="font-family: Arial; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px 0px 16px;"><span style="font-size: large;">Next time.</span></p></div><div><br /></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-77356357352533312812023-01-28T15:39:00.000-07:002023-01-28T15:39:41.983-07:00Navajo and GCNP. The River Left Bank is their Boundary<p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue;">Boundary Rectification I. </span></span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">Between Grand Canyon National Park and Navajo Reservation,</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">from the Paria junction to the Little Colorado River.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">It is long past time to re-assert officially the too often erroneously stated and misunderstood western boundary of the Navajo Reservation that was located by congressional action (P.L. 73-352 of 14 June 1934) as coming ”west along the boundary line between the States of Arizona and Utah to a point where said boundary line intersects the Colorado River; thence down the south bank of that stream to its confluence with the Little Colorado River; thence following the north bank of the Little Colorado River to a point opposite the east boundary of the Grand Canyon National Park; thence south along said east boundary”.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I emphasize that the boundary goes “DOWN THE SOUTH BANK” of the Colorado. As befits a law written in 1934, there is much additional verbiage, relevant 90 years ago, that is now all a dead letter, yet lingers on to confuse official and unofficial cognizance of the line set along the south, or left, bank of the Colorado. </p>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">That misunderstanding arose because of the boundary’s involvement in the aborted and long-irrelevant machinations to gain approval for a dam in the Marble Gorge reach of the Grand Canyon. It was compounded by the ignorance and laziness shown when the water-power withdrawals boundary was used in the 1969 Marble Canyon National Monument proclamation, since superseded. Any correct interpretation or judicial determination of the boundary must see the line as determined by the 1934 Act placing it on the rivers’ banks.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Further confusion was guaranteed because when in 1973 Senator Barry Goldwater sponsored his legislation to enlarge Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP), he had the entirely justified fear that someday some speculator would attempt to place motels or other tourist structures on Navajo land at the rim of Marble Gorge. Goldwater and the National Park Service tried, 1969-72, to convince the Navajo that this threat would be best avoided by placing that rim inside the National Park. They failed; the Navajo refused to countenance any taking of their Reservation land into the Park for any reason.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Obdurately, Goldwater did draw the GCNP boundary up on the rim on the official map 113-20,021 B dated December 1974 with accompanying language: “MARBLE CANYON EAST Proposed Boundary on Canyon Rim”. However the position of the Navajo was recognized on the map with an adjoining “Note: Subject to Concurrence of the Navajo Nation”. Moreover, language was included in Sec. 5 of the resulting Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act as passed in 1975, reinforcing this prohibition:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“no land or interest in land, which is held in trust for any Indian tribe or nation, may be transferred to the United States under this Act … <span style="text-decoration: underline;">except after approval by the governing body of the respective Indian tribe or nation</span>”(my underlining).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Strange legislative behavior: grabbing land that you have been told you cannot have, and then telling yourself you do not really want it. The very opposite of the fabled cake: Goldwater didn’t get to eat it or keep it.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">It should be understood that Goldwater’s desire to protect Indian rights was as strong as his wish to expand the Park. The final law could not, of course, resolve these irresolvable goals. Yet many, including in official National Park Service positions, continue to maintain that the Park was extended up onto the Marble rim or even, more oddly, just to the never-activated, never-determined, water-power withdrawal lines.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Again, since the Navajo refused to give away land in the proposal stage, have never even considered an extension of the Park to their land, and act in every way as if it is their land*, this fantasy illegal placement of the Park boundary going east beyond the 1934 western Navajo boundary should be dismissed as irrelevant bureaucratic imperialism, and ignored. Particularly so, since users of the Marble Gorge stretch can be misled into thinking they are in the Park when they are really hiking on or using Navajo land. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Moreover, the official GCNP map being incorrect and the Navajo intending to keep their land "even unto time immemorial", the Park is without a defined eastern boundary.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">*(The Navajo Nation’s determination was strongly manifest when its legislature in 2017 voted down just the kind of proposal Goldwater feared, this one on the rim above the junction of the Colorado and Little Colorado. It was Navajo land, their call, and they killed the potential horror dead, dead, dead. We all stood and cheered, but it was a Navajo decision.)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Therefore, I propose a Presidential proclamation that would explicitly reaffirm the 1934 boundary along the river bank, recognize any effort by the United States to acquire Navajo land for the Park is null and void, especially the 1975 Act’s aim to take such land by placing the Park boundary up on the rim, and explicitly affirm that the official eastern boundary of GCNP, from the Paria to the Little Colorado, takes in the Colorado River going across the River to the Navajo boundary that runs along the river bank.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Navajo proved they can protect the Canyon. They have never countenanced the imperialist thrust by the Park Service to take their land. It is time for the sovereign United States to re-recognize the boundary it itself set in 1934 for the Navajo Reservation, and that this boundary on the left shore of the Colorado is the legal boundary of the National Park.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There could be further reinforcement for the United States reaffirmation of the 1934 western boundary of the Navajo Reservation. The Navajo Nation government could formally refuse to concur in their Marble Canyon land being taken into the National Park, while formally recognizing the 1934 Reservation boundary along the “south bank” of the Colorado.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And further: In 1975, the Navajo renamed their Grand Canyon Navajo Tribal Park, (est. 1966) as Marble Canyon Navajo Tribal Park and proclaimed a set of regulations for its use. This Park lies north of the Little Colorado Navajo Tribal Park. It would be a step toward the kind of cooperation modeled by Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park up north were the rectification of the GCNP boundary to include a federal recognition of the Tribal Park. This is envisioned in Sec. 5 of the 1975 GCNP Enlargement Act “Cooperative Agreements for the Unified Interpretation of Grand Canyon”.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-23716496851979039462023-01-28T14:57:00.000-07:002023-01-28T14:57:48.821-07:00 FIXIN’ WHAT’S BROKE:<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px;">TO STRENGTHEN THE BOUNDARY OF GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK</span></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">AND RELATED MATTERS</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This project makes proposals that gather up a number of issues, some near-trivial, others of great moment at this time of Deb Haaland’s Interior Secretaryship, the resolution of which could bring greater public recognition and understanding of the universal values embodied in the United States’ designation of a Grand Canyon National Park — a project started with John Wesley Powell and Benjamin Harrison’s legislative launch in 1884 of the first Grand Canyon National Park bill, which in its short history also started to gather in its relationship with the Canyon's long-standing peoples, in this case the Havasupai.*</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Future work on the boundary must include correcting, updating, and otherwise recognizing the historic and current use and occupancy of Grand Canyon lands by the Southern Paiute, Hopi, Hualapai, Havasupai, and Navajo peoples, and others long-resident who live within the Canyon's spiritual reach.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">Main changes:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Much of the boundary distinguishing administration and jurisdiction of that part of the Grand Canyon north and northwest of the Colorado River (i.e., in the area generally known as the Arizona Strip) is a source of concern for the Club of Grand Canyon Friends & Advocates. Boundary misalignments matter since </p>
<ol>
<li style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">maps in general use ought to delineate and present to the public as closely as possible the lands, canyon and plateau, that comprise the Grand Canyon; </li>
<li style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Users need to have as accurate a legal representation as possible of who has jurisdiction over the Grand Canyon lands they visit.</li>
</ol>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I propose four sets of executive actions, with potential support through congressional action as necessary, that would create Grand Canyon north boundaries for the existing Park and Monument to align them with the Canyon’s drainage locally in the Arizona Strip. This drainage notion originated in the 1960’s during the effort to keep the Canyon free of more dams. In 1972-5, it became the basis for the Park completion legislation sponsored by Senator B. Goldwater and Congressman M. Udall. In 1997-9, this idea of using the Canyon’s drainage underlay Secretary of the Interior B. Babbitt’s Antiquities Act Monument initiative in the Canyon’s northwest region.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The general map below (courtesy of the Automobile Club of Southern California “Indian Country Guide Map”) indicates the location of the four proposals. Each of the proposals will have its own presentation in a blog entry.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FwYRTlz1NyCfv_EZ6WSeYK5pP8FFF_8wIlVy_TwhDZUCNpKrXs4yvkgGCYP4O-ik6Lr8-EMtrtyFDB2pOvP6jPDq9q1G0AyBH8-TLu5jH6jTR2IoDXaIlvFg_O9DP6c10nLsPeSLuDVAFiezeJ51LQ2a31KaiprqVm94pBfkIAQVYlkKTPhkrv-Y/s1649/AAA%20boundary%20fixes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1267" data-original-width="1649" height="492" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9FwYRTlz1NyCfv_EZ6WSeYK5pP8FFF_8wIlVy_TwhDZUCNpKrXs4yvkgGCYP4O-ik6Lr8-EMtrtyFDB2pOvP6jPDq9q1G0AyBH8-TLu5jH6jTR2IoDXaIlvFg_O9DP6c10nLsPeSLuDVAFiezeJ51LQ2a31KaiprqVm94pBfkIAQVYlkKTPhkrv-Y/w640-h492/AAA%20boundary%20fixes.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The CGCF&A proposals would:</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I. formally recognize the 1934 congressional boundary of the western Navajo Reservation as the eastern boundary of Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP), thus extinguishing incorrect interpretations for the extent of the Park and the Reservation;</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">II. split off the northwest Grand Wash section of the mis-named Grand Canyon - Parashant National Monument to place it properly within a Grand Wash Cliffs National Monument draining west into Lake Mead country; </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">III. recognize a correct boundary for, and the joint administration of, the Toroweap-to-Parashant section of Grand Canyon - Parashant N.M. A possible re-naming would also be in order to recognize Southern Paiute original occupancy of these northwest Grand Canyon Monument lands; re-state the situation of the northern Hualapai Reservation and coincident National Park boundaries;</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">IV. rectify the erroneous boundary for the extreme western end of Grand Canyon National Park so that the line more accurately emphasizes and presents to the public the western ending of the Canyon. It would return some non-Grand-Canyon lands to more suitable jurisdiction, and further honor the Southern Paiute occupancy of that country. </p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">*=====</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Personal note:</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Those who will be interested in this project have travelled a multitude of different paths in Grand Canyon involvement. My own started with that life-shaping first view in 1962, followed quickly in the years 1963-8 by participating in the national efforts to decide NOT to disgrace our nation and degrade our environment by dam authorization, and then especially in 1972-6, to decide to enlarge Grand Canyon National Park to more closely approximate the Canyon itself. I am pleased that over the past quarter century I can continue to walk that path with these proposals.</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">=========</p><div><br /></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-2614272636354242362023-01-28T14:08:00.001-07:002023-01-28T14:10:41.115-07:00 THE WESTERN NAVAJO LINE (CONTINUED)<p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">KEEPING THE NAVAJO BOUNDARY ON THE RIVER BANK</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Let us start from this point: </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">There has been no adjudication on the Navajo Reservation western boundary, nor on the eastern Park boundary as set by the Grand Canyon National Park Enlargement Act of 1975. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Therefore there are only opinions, based on events, governmental acts, documents, and arguments drawn therefrom. So…</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In a very long blog post and several shorter ones, I laid out what I found to be the history of the western Navajo Reservation boundary. (To see these essays, click on the blog tab for “Navajo”.) I concluded the Navajo Reservation western boundary lies, in the words of its 1934 boundary Act, “west along the boundary line between the States of Arizona and Utah to a point where said boundary line intersects the Colorado River; thence down the south bank of that stream to the confluence with the Little Colorado River; thence following the north bank of the Little Colorado River to a point opposite the east boundary of the Grand Canyon National Park; thence south along said east boundary” …</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This Act contains several more clauses, more or less pertinent. The Act itself was followed in the 40-some years after 1934 by actions and events, more or less pertinent. I conclude that the end result of all this later activity is that the words of the 1934 Act hold firm: the Reservation boundary is along the banks of the two rivers. I am strengthened in my view that this is the correct position by the November 25, 1997 statement of Interior Solicitor J D Leshy (dealing with the Hualapai boundary) that “the canon of construction that doubtful or ambiguous expressions in treaties, statutes or documents involving Indians should be resolved in favor of the Indians.”</p>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The 1934 Act purpose was “to define the exterior boundaries of the Navajo Indian Reservation”. It succeeded. The 1934 boundary is well-defined. It is easy to find and follow, and to be used to determine what is Reservation land and what lies outside it. The enactment of this boundary was, as perusal of the history would show, considered to be required to settle a plethora of disputes that had arisen or might arise around the great increase in the lands under the sovereignty of the Navajo Nation. That is to say, the 1934 Act carried out a necessary national purpose.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">=============================================</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">That is the simple equitable statement. There are other opinions that would have the Grand Canyon National Park (GCNP) boundary going across the Colorado from its right bank and then climbing some undefined, undefinable distance up the canyon walls. Or, another opinion just claims for GCNP all the Canyon up to the eastern rim since Congress put the Park boundary there. Oops. Put it all in the Park if the Navajo agree to having their land taken. Big oops.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Still, lets for fun, look at how these “New Colonizers” justify their land grab. I start with some reminders from Interior’s attorneys:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the 1976 Office of the Interior Solicitor opinion on the Hualapai boundary: “well founded doubt should be resolved in favor of the Indians” (p. 6).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“(A) statute should be construed to give effect to all of its provisions,…73 Am. Jur. 2nd Statutes sec.165 (2001)” from Attorney Work Product, 28 Aug. 2003, Robert C. Eaton, Office of the Field Solicitor, Santa Fe.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Yet Interior’s Solicitor attorneys seem stuck on the opinion that the western boundary of the Navajo Indian Reservation follows long-extinguished withdrawal lines for a power project that itself was always a figment of mid-twentieth-century imaginings about American unlimited development.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So lets look at the Navajo Reservation boundary Act (1934) in detail. It sets the western boundary on the south bank of the Colorado River; <i>but</i></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">It excludes lands designated as valuable for water-power and power-site purposes; <i>but</i></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">It gives exclusive right to the Navajo to occupy and use such excluded lands; <i>until</i></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">the lands are <span style="text-decoration: underline;">required</span> for power purposes;<i> or</i> </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">required </span>for other uses under the authority of the United States. (My emphases)</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Colorado River Basin Act was signed on 30 September 1968. It included the provision that only Congress could authorize dams in the Grand Canyon. In plain talk, the Grand Canyon dam nightmare was politically and legislatively dead, and any withdrawals for such water/power purposes were likewise null and void.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So on 30 September 1968, Navajo lands to the 1934 boundary (— excluded yes — but — exclusively theirs to occupy and use — and — no longer required for power purposes — and — with no “other <span style="text-decoration: underline;">required </span>uses” being put forward —) were clearly restored to the Navajo Reservation so that the boundary was incontestably as set by the 1934 Act on the south bank. Had the Secretary of the Interior done due diligence in his general charge to aid and protect and promote Indian interests under his “care”, he could have declared the boundary restored since the lands were no longer required for power-water purposes. Whether by subterfuge or ignorance or neglect, he did not.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Instead, four months later, the United States staged a midnight raid on these Navajo lands, and claimed them for a new Marble Canyon National Monument as possessing unusual geologic and paleontologic features and objects, and other scientific and natural values. However, using a distorted interpretation of the 1934 Act, the raid took only the ambiguously defined power-site withdrawals, now defunct and unavailable. Moreover, the raiders did not offer any evidence that the land grab was “required” as the 1934 Act, uh, required.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Proclamation 3889, 20 Jan 1969, “proclaim(s) that, <b>SUBJECT TO VALID EXISTING RIGHTS</b>, (the lands) are set apart as Marble Canyon National Monument”. <span style="text-decoration: underline;">My </span>emphasis because surely the 1934 Navajo Boundary Act granting “exclusive use and occupancy” down to the river bank created a valid existing right for the Navajo. Moreover, 3889 says this: “Any reservations or withdrawals (for water/power purposes) heretofore made which affect the lands described above are hereby revoked”, which <i>de facto</i> the CRBAct of 1968 reinforced. Also the CRBAct of 1968 allowed only dams authorized by Congress, not any state or private dam, and since that Act did not authorize any dams, from 30 September 1968, the only competitor left for the withdrawn lands excluded from the Reservation was the Navajo exclusive use and occupancy that had never been extinguished. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And now get this: 3889 says “The easterly boundary of the monument shall be conterminous<i> </i>with the westerly boundary of the Navajo Indian Reservation.” Clearly, since 3889 is subject to “valid existing rights”, namely, the Navajo “exclusive” use and occupancy, then 3889’s further provision that “the easternmost limits of the lands within such reservations and withdrawals (that are revoked and no longer exist) shall be the easterly boundary of the monument” cannot apply against those Navajo valid existing rights for exclusive use and occupancy. The only way these two phrasings are consistent with each other is that with the withdrawals wiped out, the Monument boundary must lie on the river bank, that is, the westerly boundary of the Reservation. So the apparent clash between Navajo rights and the Monument’s reach and jurisdiction beyond the rivershore must be resolved in favor of the Navajo boundary being on the river bank as indicated by the Monument proclamation revoking the withdrawals that defined the lands “excluded” from the Reservation by the 1934 Act.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Even more telling, the Proclamation — contrary to the intent and wording of the 1934 Navajo Reservation Boundary Act — set up a vague, ambiguous boundary that would be impossibly impracticable to enforce, fence, or even find. Moreover this would prevail only to put into the new Monument undescribed and unspecified “unusual geologic and paleontologic features and objects, and other scientific and natural values”. However, the Proclamation did not claim that the Navajo-exclusive lands were <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b>required</b></span> for the Monument, as the 1934 Act requires.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And even worse, the Proclamation illogically and dangerously stopped 10 miles upriver from the Little Colorado River junction, leaving a critical section of the Canyon open to exploitation, as we all later learned. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Since 3889 could not affect existing Navajo rights and it revoked the withdrawals that had been excluded from the Reservation, it follows that with the enactment of CRBAct of 1968 the Navajo boundary retained its place along the river shore. And as stated, a well-defined boundary was a national purpose embodied in the 1934 law. It would seem a sad sort of bureaucratic joke that the Proclamation was written revoking the withdrawal whose boundary it then used to try to grab Navajo land.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Now you’ve got it. Now you don’t. Now you keep it. Now we take it. And biggest joke (on you) of all, we will not, or can not, tell you where the boundary is.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">===========================</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So, in 1934, the Navajo were given land that was then excluded but available for their use & occupancy exclusively. The 1968 CRB Act then released their lands back to them, and four months later, the Monument seemed to extend over those lands, but in a manner inconsistent with existing Navajo rights under law. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">That is to say, those who claim Marble Canyon N M extended beyond the river bank to the withdrawal boundaries can only rely on an inconsistent and partial reading of 3889 that violates Navajo rights. Only a “conterminous” boundary on the river bank can make sense of the steps from 1934 to 1968 to 1969. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This position is further strengthened by the awkward handling of Navajo land in the 1975 GCNP Enlargement legislation. In the period 1969-72, when consulted by the Park Service and Senator Goldwater about extending GCNP to include the Navajo part of Marble Canyon, the Navajo insisted they did not want any of their lands taken into Grand Canyon National Park. Goldwater feared development on Marble Canyon’s rim, but this did not move the Navajo, who refused to yield any of their land for an enlarged Park.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Goldwater introduced his Park enlargement bill in early 1973. Stubbornly, its provisions included in the Park Navajo land up to the Canyon rim. For other reasons, the bill had a bumpy ride. It ended up with the following provisions affecting the Navajo:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Marble Canyon National Monument (so young, so flawed) is abolished.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Section 5 prohibits the taking of any Indian land “except after approval by the governing body of the respective Indian tribe or nation.”</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Section 2 says:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“(S)ubject to any valid existing rights under the Navajo Boundary Act of 1934”, lands are designated on the official Act map as added to the Park under the name “Marble Canyon East” with a “Proposed Boundary on Canyon Rim” from the Paria River running all the way down to the Little Colorado. The official map further says about this addition:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">“Note: Subject to Concurrence of the Navajo Nation”.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">So the 1975 Enlargement Act said no land could be taken without Navajo permission, but inconsistently showed on the map an even larger taking, not just along the 1934 boundary, not just the 1969 boundary, but all the way up to the rim. And then reiterated that this land could not be taken without official Navajo concurrence. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">What, then, is the effect of the 1975 Park Act on the Navajo boundary?</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The only United States law setting the western Navajo Reservation boundary that remains active and in effect is the 1934 Act setting that boundary on the river bank. The latest law, the 1975 Park Enlargement Act, in effect recognizes that everything other than the 1934 Act is abolished, revoked, non-existent, kaput. Then, with this slate cleaned, the Act “makes an offer” to take Navajo land that the Navajo government not only can refuse, but in fact had refused, and continues to refuse by inaction — and in the opinion of everybody, always will refuse. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the event, the Navajo Nation, like the Hualapai, has a Reservation the western boundary of which comes down to the river water’s edge. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">As was the intent of the GCNP 1975 Enlargement Act, GCNP rules<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><b> on</b></span> the Colorado river. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Navajo and Hualapai control their lands running up and back from the river water’s edge.</p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-32733894963639796232022-08-03T17:19:00.001-07:002022-08-03T17:20:58.985-07:00Tin Ear for the Grand Canyon's Tunes <p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">TIN EAR FOR THE GRAND CANYON’S TUNES</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">Some Comments on John D. Leshy’s <i>Our Common Ground</i></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><i>A History of America’s Public Lands*</i></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">Yale U. Press, 2021</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">John Leshy’s new book is a condensed way to get a feel and general sense of how Americans since the 18th century have interpreted, changed their views, and fought over what “public” in our public lands means. His long career, including 8 years as Solicitor in Bruce Babbitt’s Interior Department, must have staggered even him (the narrative is 600 pages) in tracking the ins and outs of Americans’ views, from precious possessions of the entire nation to choice bits to grab and exploit for all the cash one can squeeze.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">He has his favorite subjects; I think grazing use is one; another must be reservation and conservation as embodied by our National Parks. I don’t intend here to come close to a review or reading guide. Rather, I want to select out the few, very few, references to the Grand Canyon, and take a detailed look at his accuracy in dealing with this very special environmental icon of ours. What weight does the Canyon have in the two-centuries+ of the formulation and alteration and evolution of the law/legal structures governing American national inheritance of our great tract of public land?</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I read Leshy’s account as showing the major thrust of American land law change: from moving public land into private control (19th-century national goal) to the reverse: the multi-faceted national decision to keep, cherish, and provide the public lands for public use rather than private ownership. Using the years 1880-1920 as the pivot, we can fit the Grand Canyon in this narrative as going from being a blank spot to being a world-renowned signifier of respect for scenery, non-destructive recreation, and the Environment as our life support.</p>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;">The Grand Canyon's importance was first signaled by John Wesley Powell as he made and publicized his exploration of the Colorado River’s great canyons and plateaus. Then, in 1880's Washington, with Benjamin Harrison (as a first-term Senator, then as President — i.e., the man with the political position) he pioneered trying to protect the Canyon, first as a Park, then as a Forest Reserve. Leshy drops in some of the pieces of this joint effort:</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Powell (165)* is only mentioned in Leshy as “having also endorsed establishing a national park at the Grand Canyon”. Actually he drafted the first Park bill, giving it to Harrison. Harrison, Leshy writes, (179) then proclaimed the GC Forest Reserve ten years later as a “not surprising” act, since he had sponsored Park bills. However, he doesnt tie these together, since again it was Powell who presented Harrison with the Forest proposal, somewhat revised from their 10-year-old Park bill. It was Powell’s action, not Harrison’s, that was “not surprising”, as Powell saw that a power to regulate forests could also protect this very large hole in the ground. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Leshy suggests that recreation (= tourism) was a big factor when in 1893 Harrison established the Forest Reserve. He could have mentioned that activity was accentuated hugely by the Santa Fe RR’s ambition as it became central in how development proceeded at the Canyon.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Another element, more deleterious, was the 1872 Mining Law, that legal beast that has been used to ravage and threaten so much American land. Leshy features the story of Ralph Cameron (260), a standard issue western boomer, with the bogus mining claims he used to control the main Bright Angel trail access, before he was driven and harassed out, culminating in a Supreme Court case that affirmed the constitutionality of one of the great preservation statutes, the Antiquities Act.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">More long-lived and obnoxious, though not mentioned, has been the Orphan mine, an actual producing uranium operation once located very obviously on the rim near Grand Canyon Village. Cameron, as a rascal, deserves his mention, but the Orphan was an even more destructive example of the damage the 1872 law can cause.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I read Leshy, given his apparent preferences (Parks over Forests), as considering Gifford Pinchot less than the hero others often would make him. It would have been interesting for Leshy to have brought Muir and Pinchot together (as they were) in the debate over the Canyon’s future. In his chapter on T. Roosevelt and National Parks (263-4), he recognizes T.R.’s seeming deference to Pinchot on Parks.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">However, it was more consequential in Grand Canyon history than that. We all know how enthusiastic Roosevelt was at, and after, his visit to the Canyon (followed shortly thereafter by a sojourn with Muir in California). Not just once, but repeatedly thereafter, Roosevelt recommended a Grand Canyon Park in his annual messages. Yet he never took the Park bill that Interior had worked so hard on during his administration, and and sent it to Congress. We also know that Pinchot directed the President’s attention away from the Canyon and toward areas like Crater Lake as being politically cheaper. And how convenient, that when Roosevelt proclaimed the National Monument, it remained in the National Forest. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">While Leshy does give Roosevelt great credit (259-60) for declaring the Monument, he ignores again the role played by the Santa Fe, and then he goes off on the Cameron problem. Even more odd to me, he takes up space to suggest that the GC Game Preserve (250) was a meaningful gesture, though it was toothless, and he admits it was effective only once, in 1987. (fn. 17,18, on 627: ). I can only assume it fits in with his major emphasis and interest in the great growth of the importance of wildlife care and protection.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In 1919, Leshy has Congress busy on parks, (335) with barely a mention of GCNP and nothing on the plethora of the non-Park uses in its establishing act that would come to plague it.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Hoover, “after losing decisively (in 1932 …), used the Antiquities Act to add 273,000 acres to the protected areas around Grand Canyon in December.”(380) I am not sure why he mentions the election (though he gives the Hoovers a nice photo op), but I am surprised that he ignores the conflict with ranchers. After all, that led to FDRoosevelt’s reducing the size of the 1932 Monument in 1940, thereby providing a precedent for any future president to do boundary changes, including reductions — an issue Leshy himself became concerned about and ignores here.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">His skimpy account may just be a matter of space in an already massive tome, but it is an example of what I think of as having a tin ear on how the Grand Canyon figures into the great public land issues he is deeply involved in.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">His emphasis for the Colorado Plateau switches to Reclamation (392) — a subject matter that seems another not-so-favorite of his. His geography is off when he talks of the length of Lake “Mead, more than 100 miles upstream, nearly into the Grand Canyon”. Well, if “nearly” = into 40 miles of it… Beyond that, I suppose he could hardly be expected to be aware of the troubles caused by being forced to use a Recreation Area for Park-worthy land (393).</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">On 461-3, he talks of Echo Park dam, Dinosaur, and wilderness, but the Grand Canyon doesnt figure.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">He does stretch out to take a full page (546-7) on the dams proposed for the Grand Canyon. He summarizes the action with a nice mention of the Sierra Club campaign, especially its ads, like flooding the Sistine Chapel to get closer to the ceiling. However, his presentation of the issues is amiss on electricity and ignores the centrality of the water-short future of the Colorado River — something that again reared its head in his time at Interior. Maybe this doesn’t seem public-land-ish enough, but it is hard to imagine a more damaging impact on public lands than what would have happened had the dams and import of water from the Columbia to the Colorado come about. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 13px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>(Extraneous note: if Senator Jackson and not the Sierra Club campaign were the roadblock that caused the dams to be defeated, as has been opined by anti-environmentalists, how could that have been what stopped California from going for a House vote? A floor victory could have given them a leg up in 1967, and surely the Northwest-import study would not have blocked floor approval. So doesn’t that support the notion that it was the dam controversy in the hands of opponents that really scared California off? (No way to tell without research in California archives). </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">It is not clear that First American issues are a major concern for Leshy. In 563-4 he fails to emphasize how central the Hualapai were in the suit to get the full measure of their reservation free and clear, excluding the railroad from the sections which it claimed, in the important Supreme Court decision in 1942. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The Havasupai redress that narrative imbalance (566-7) in Leshy’s history of the GCNP Enlargement Act. He features the successful repatriation of Havasupai land using the Park Enlargement Act in his chapter on “Public Lands and Native Americans”. His account does ignore the juicy details of the near-century-long history of that repatriation, as well as the Act’s details, but at least, unlike for the Hualapai, the Havasupai are featured actors. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The 1975 Park Act is also used in his discussion of air traffic overflights of National Parks. He notes the Act’s toothlessness on air control.(549), then goes on to the 1987 Overflights Act effort led by Arizonans McCain and Udall, not noting that the helicopter exception for the Hualapai is a horror for river travelers.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">His disinterest in the goal of protecting and presenting GCNP echoes in his lack of mention of Sec Babbitt’s proclamation of GC-Parashant NM, a lack that reinforces that this is not a book of places and their value, but of American political struggles over the laws that govern the disposition of our public lands.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">As if in final reinforcement, Leshy uses rafting in the Canyon as his “micro-illustration” of public lands recreational death (597-8). With boating growing from 1000 total to 30,000 <i>per year</i> (his emphasis), it is not logging or mining, but for land managers it is the “wrestling” to balance recreational use with the protection of wildlife and cultural resources, and whether and how to accommodate hikers, off-road-vehicle users, mountain bikers and e-bikers, bird-watchers, wild horse lovers, target shooters, sport hunters and anglers, climbers, and myriad other enthusiasts. And, we friends of the Grand Canyon could have told him, no better example of the difficulties, whether boater equity or discrimination, protecting the riverine environment, or wilderness classification.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">* Numbers are pages in Leshy’s book.</p><p> </p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-59885189091255170732022-01-21T10:22:00.000-07:002022-01-21T10:22:02.111-07:00next 4 items best read in order<p><span style="font-family: arial;"> Best read in order: 001, 002, 003, 004</span></p>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-661709996741316748.post-89829467793348063842022-01-20T17:09:00.004-07:002022-01-20T17:34:22.635-07:00004. Trimming the Turkey's Wattle<p style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; text-align: center;">IF ITS RED, ITS EMBARRASSMENT</span></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">The GCNP segment on the river left, south, should be colored red for embarrassment—mine.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">On the November trip, that segment certainly was a canyon too far, although it certainly is the <i>bona fide</i> western end of the Canyon on river left. indeed, I have not talked to anyone who has checked out the entire length of the north-south ridgeline that divides the Grand Canyon drainages on the east from the washes running west into Lake Mead country. Looks like an uplifting hike.</p>
<span><a name='more'></a></span><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">This south west end, the Cave Canyon complex, is distinguished by the existence of the once-impressive & knowledge-producing, but now severely fire-damaged, Rampart Cave some 600’ above the water. Here is the area overview: </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrw_p4xJz1eYrWtcktFAIr_Q6JrhMD8cPnEMkHWuuqK6NMeSxGLSMiRlrwkspc3sNMunO05U4zB_eSD23B-wWhPRXBKcfiu24nHnSFXW_hqRmBoGa1r5woeTUhynRNq9jeSfFygkmdCt0yyjvL5kAxkIMsuIzrdye-rV5-gyQUC7oezC13biscJW1E=s1405" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="991" data-original-width="1405" height="453" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhrw_p4xJz1eYrWtcktFAIr_Q6JrhMD8cPnEMkHWuuqK6NMeSxGLSMiRlrwkspc3sNMunO05U4zB_eSD23B-wWhPRXBKcfiu24nHnSFXW_hqRmBoGa1r5woeTUhynRNq9jeSfFygkmdCt0yyjvL5kAxkIMsuIzrdye-rV5-gyQUC7oezC13biscJW1E=w640-h453" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">And the aerial, annotated in red: </p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmvmemHn52OCCyJi4HgQ2Lt69Vdq4ufH_RweA-8ubLgkyiQU4R3RAIdjDAJETsWulZxapDgJQyBrZSXPK_kFNLRMD8YMSorwd5SQKY2GislSSqRM6snYakIXZH_hwwGZZZaPMGZq2xe3cnGvpPO9RIsqc-ZMaPYWpJh3K6hwZtFvg6vWY-oZTPgv1f=s1242" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1086" data-original-width="1242" height="560" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhmvmemHn52OCCyJi4HgQ2Lt69Vdq4ufH_RweA-8ubLgkyiQU4R3RAIdjDAJETsWulZxapDgJQyBrZSXPK_kFNLRMD8YMSorwd5SQKY2GislSSqRM6snYakIXZH_hwwGZZZaPMGZq2xe3cnGvpPO9RIsqc-ZMaPYWpJh3K6hwZtFvg6vWY-oZTPgv1f=w640-h560" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">In the upper right corner is the Westernmost High Point, the dragonhead, with the Sanup Plateau spreading out west of it. The long north-south red line starts at about R.M.277, then runs to the left of the Grand Wash Cliffs ridge that is the west bound of the Grand Canyon on the south. The actual final side canyon, just to the right of the red line, is short, while to the right of that, dark shadow on the right wall, is Cave Canyon, with its head washes way up on Hualapai land — the boundary start of which is marked by the short line at the river which, extended, shows that most of Cave Canyon is inside the Park’s turkey wattle, along with flats to the left of the long red line that are not in the Grand Canyon and do not belong in the National Park. So how did they get there?</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Guilty. Of ignorance. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">As the fight to keep dams out of the Grand Canyon wound down in 1968, the Sierra Club was approached by staff of Senator Case (of New Jersey!). The Senator was impressed by the Canyon, especially inspired by a wonderful passage in J.B.Priestley’s <i>Midnight on the Desert</i> that urged us all to be proud of being on “the staff of the Grand Canyon”. The Senator wanted to join by introducing a bill to expand the National Park along the lines of the Sierra Club proposal.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Our original Club conception of 1966 had been refined and adjusted so that, including no Reservation lands, its boundaries were a straight-line approximation of the divides that put the Canyon’s side canyons and plateaus in the Park. Senator Case requested the National Park Service to draw up a map for such a concept. </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: center;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;">SIERRA CLUB 1969 CONCEPT AND PROPOSAL FOR</p><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; text-align: left;">A “COMPLETE” GRAND CANYON NATIONAL PARK </p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">(Outline map, drawn by N P S in June 1969 to accompany bill introduced as S. 2977 by Senator Clifford Case (Rep., N. J.) on 1 Oct 1969 to embody Sierra Club idea of “a Park as complete as it could be”. Appears with text and reactions in my blog entry of 11 May 2012: “A Complete Park III: Plans and Discussions”).</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjycquANYZ9S_7M3zey0BNyhQseTatr7cYFAmIROaKq-wKttqET9zLqipxY-Io8DotPMdzjVxMAveFI2J5C6RYJ_7TL5KGcwcx8EGm2H4bRps_p4E6WXZlrsQa7p8fIUm8RFqaBtT5J2-eMHqhLIug7ibuGL0RgZLpeRtCP3eSYQ13YY8ma7h5kiO8z=s1057" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="795" data-original-width="1057" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjycquANYZ9S_7M3zey0BNyhQseTatr7cYFAmIROaKq-wKttqET9zLqipxY-Io8DotPMdzjVxMAveFI2J5C6RYJ_7TL5KGcwcx8EGm2H4bRps_p4E6WXZlrsQa7p8fIUm8RFqaBtT5J2-eMHqhLIug7ibuGL0RgZLpeRtCP3eSYQ13YY8ma7h5kiO8z=w640-h482" width="640" /></a></div><p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">I will re-stress here that in 1969 no one involved in our work on expanding the Park had been in this way-out-west area. The detailed topographic quadrangles we now have were only then being worked on by the U.S.G.S. The plethora of maps created since 1970 has certainly been stimulated by the efforts first, to beat down the dam idea, second the subsequent Park boundary expansion (1975), so that, third, we now have all sorts of explorers, wanderers, racers, visitors and what-nots going through the country accumulating (and writing about) the kind of knowledge that would have led to a more suitable Park boundary — one, that is, tied more adequately to Grand Canyon’s features and to the idea that the map representations matter because they have so much to do with a correct apprehension and comprehension of all the variety and extent of the Canyon.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">Perhaps one day, Canyon-friendly adjustments to the boundary line will be made. Certainly then-Secretary of the Interior Babbitt made a fine effort in the late 1990’s, even if the Grand Canyon - Parashant National Monument (the Canyon’s fourth Monument designation!) that resulted did too little by including too much, confounding some big, important concepts.</p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; min-height: 18px;"><br /></p>
<p style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px;">With this essay, I wind up this real, map, and imagined excursion to the little-visited Far West of the Grand Canyon. There is, if I am right, much to be done in investigating and discussing in order to select and officially designate appropriate names that point up the western Grand Canyon’s natural history and human history. And much to entice visitors, much to visit in land-reverencing ways, to get a sense of how the 277-mile-length of this unmatchable place comes to its gentle end in our current not-so-gentle epoch. However, Anthropocenic though this age may be, wandering the Canyon using any respectful means can still inspire, test, and teach — that is, after all, why so many of us worked so hard over so many years (and still do) to grace America’s National Park System by including within it as complete a Grand Canyon as possible.</p><div><br /></div>jeff ingramhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01736102579169959875noreply@blogger.com0